Radiation Safety Exam Study Guide Questions And Answers Verified 100% Correct

Radiation Safety Exam Study Guide Questions And Answers Verified 100% Correct Scintillation Survey Instruments - ANSWER utilize a solid sodium iodide crystal coupled to a sensitive photomultiplier tube as a detector. Excellent at locating multiple sources or identifying areas of contamination Recognizing sources of potential external exposure and controlling internal contamination - ANSWER Good radiation hygiene Time, Distance, and Shielding - ANSWER three cardinal principles for controlling external radiation square of the distance from the source - ANSWER exposure level varies inversely with Exposure rate constant - ANSWER exposure rate in air due to a small unit source of activity at a standard distance. Also called the gamma-factor Distance from the source and the number of HVLs of shielding interposed between the source and the location of interest - ANSWER radiation dose depends on Annual Limits of Intake - ANSWER ALI. Represents the quantity of a given radionuclide that, if ingested or inhaled by an individual will result in the same risk as that attributed to a radiation worker incurring the maximum permitted annual dose 125-I and 131-I - ANSWER two radioiodines that are significant exceptions to internal contamination danger. Highly specific for the thyroid gland. Authorized User - ANSWER faculty member approved by the Radiation safety Committee to use radioactive materials Radioactivity - ANSWER spontaneous process characteristic of atoms with unstable nuclei in which the nucleus releases energy either as a particle with kinetic energy or as electromagnetic energy Parent - ANSWER species prior to radioactive decay daughter - ANSWER species after transformation decay - ANSWER one parent/daughter transition, or disintegration Curie - ANSWER traditional unit of radioactivity becquerel - ANSWER unit of radioactivity in SI, =1dps Alpha decay, Beta decay, electron capture, isomeric transition - ANSWER four most common types of radioactive decay Electron volt - ANSWER represents the energy change experienced by an electron while undergoing a potential energy change of one volt Alpha decay - ANSWER limited to isotopes of the heavy elements, a charged particle consisting of two protons and two neutrons is ejected from the nucleus with high kinetic energy. Can be accompanied by emission of a gamma-ray Beta Decay - ANSWER emission of an electron from the nucleus. Electron maybe negatively charged, ordinary (beta particle), or positively charged (positron). Simple beta decay - ANSWER Daughter nucleus is at ground state subsequent to the decay. H3, C14, P32, S35 are examples. Excited isomeric state - ANSWER More common state of daughter nucleus after beta decay, accompanied by gamma ray emission Electron Capture - ANSWER converts a proton to a neutron by combining a proton with an orbital electron capture in the nucleus as it passes through. Orbital electrons rearrange to fill vacancy. Rearrangement accompanied by x0rays. Chromium-51 and iodine-125 are examples Isomeric Transition - ANSWER transition from excited state to ground state with emission of gamma rays Photoelectric absorption, compton scattering, pair production - ANSWER three interactions of electromagnetic radiation and matter (x rays, gamma rays) Photoelectric Absorption - ANSWER Process in which an incident photon is absorbed by a bound electron. The electron is ejected from its previously bound state and carries away most of the absorbed energy as kinetic energy Compton Scattering - ANSWER Process in which the incident photon undergoes a billiard-ball type collision with an electron of the interacting material. Photon is deflected or scattered by the collision and continues with reduced energy Pair Production - ANSWER Process in which the incident photon materializes into a two particles (an electron and a positron) in the vicinity of the nucleus. Dominant interaction at high energies Half-value layer - ANSWER thickness of the material required to reduce the transmitted radiation to one half of the incident value Linear Energy Transfer (LET) - ANSWER energy that a particle loses to its surroundings for each unit of path length Range - ANSWER distance that a charged particle travels from the point of its origin to the place where it no longer acts as a destructive particle f=ZE/400 - ANSWER expresses the fraction of energy that appears as x-rays where Z is the absorber atomic number and E is the energy Radiation exposure - ANSWER concept based on the ability of gamma and x ray radiation to ionize matter. Unit is the roentgen Roentgen - ANSWER unit used to measure radiation exposure Absorbed dose - ANSWER quantity that denotes the energy imparted to matter by ionizing radiation per unit mass of irradiated material at the place of interest. Unit is the rad Rad - ANSWER unit of absorbed dose Dose equivalent - ANSWER quantity that denotes the potential biological effect of the ionizing radiation. Product of the absorbed dose and certain modifying factors. Unit is the rem. Rem - ANSWER Unit of dose equivalent Qualify Factor - ANSWER modifying factors that, when multiplied by the absorbed dose, equal the dose equivalent Effective Dose Equivalent (EDE) - ANSWER computation method of handling non- uniform organ and tissue doses obtained by adjusting designated organ doses according to their relative sensitivity to harm by radiation Deep Dose equivalent - ANSWER dose due to external radiation for a tissue depth of 1cm Eye Dose equivalent - ANSWER dose to lens of the eye due to external radiation for a tissue depth of .3cm Shallow Dose equivalent - ANSWER dose due to external radiation for a tissue depth of .007 cm Committed organ dose equivalent - ANSWER dose due to internal radioactivity to a