Radiation Safety TEST Questions And Answers Verified 100% Correct

Radiation Safety TEST Questions And Answers Verified 100% Correct What is the special unit for the energy level of ionizing radiation called? - ANSWER Electron volt Which of the following is equal to 1,000 electron volts? - ANSWER keV What indicates the energy levels for gamma rays and X-rays? - ANSWER Frequency One roentgen of exposure produces 2.08 billion ion pairs per cubic centimeter of dry air. - ANSWER The Roentgen (R) = 2.58 X 10-4 coulombs/kilograms of air Sub-units of the roentgen (R): - ANSWER Milliroentgen (mR) = one-thousandth of a roentgen Microroentgen (µR) = one-millionth of a roentgen Milliroentgen/hour (mR/hr) = milliroentgens after one hourof exposure what is the special unit used to measure exposure level? - ANSWER Roentgen What does the roentgen measure the ionization of? - ANSWER Air by gamma rays or X-rays One RAD = ? - ANSWER 100 ergs of energy per gram of absorbing material What is the special unit used to measure absorbed dose? - ANSWER RAD What is the RAD a measure of? - ANSWER Energy absorbed by any target from any source What is the special unit for dose equivalent called? - ANSWER REM How do RADIAC instruments that utilize the operating principle of ionization detect ionizing radiation? Select and submit your response. - ANSWER o light energy is released x not gas is pumped into the chamber What are the two major factors that determine how an instrument that uses the ionization principle will perform? Select and submit your responses. - ANSWER x chamber design x detector design o gas amplification o applied voltage What is the REM a measure of? Select and submit your response. - ANSWER The biological damage or risk from radiation energy What is the REM a measure of? - ANSWER The biological damage or risk from radiation energy The Gray (Gy) named in honor of British biologist, Louis H Gray. One gray is a large absorbed dose. - ANSWER 1 Gy = 100 RAD The Becquerel (Bq) named in honor of French scientist and Nobel prize winner, Henri Becquerel. The becquerel is a very small unit. - ANSWER 1 Bq = 1 dps The Sievert (Sv) named in honor of Swedish health physics pioneer, Rolf Sievert. One sievert is a large dose equivalent unit. - ANSWER 1 Sv = 100 REM Detector - ANSWER The detector converts ionizing radiation into an electrical signal. Some instruments have the detector and cabling permanently mounted inside the meter housing. Detectors that are not internally mounted are referred to as probes and come in a variety of shapes and sizes. Cable - ANSWER The cable carries the signal to the meter. Meter - ANSWER This is usually as a form of a needle on a gauge, an LCD type of display, or an audio signal. What is RADIAC equipment used for? - ANSWER To detect or measure ionizing radiation What are the three basic components of most modern RADIAC instruments? - ANSWER Meter Cable Detector Biological - Chemical - Thermal - Ionization - Scintillation - - ANSWER Biological - changes in a living organism or system Chemical - breakdown and formation of chemical bonds Thermal - temperature increases from absorbed energy Ionization - collection and measurement of ion pairs Scintillation - measurement of light energy How do RADIAC instruments that utilize the operating principle of ionization detect ionizing radiation? - ANSWER They collect and measure the ion pairs created when radiation interacts with matter. Wire Anode - ANSWER A wire anode is mounted inside the detector and is electrically insulated from the detector walls. Inert Gas - ANSWER The interior of the chamber is filled with an inert gas to enhance collection properties. Battery - ANSWER A battery applies a continuous voltage potential to both the anode and the detector wall. Meter Section - ANSWER The meter section contains electronic components capable of measuring any electrical current flowing through the detector circuit. Each time an ion pair is created, the negatively charged electron is attracted to the anode and the ionized atom is attracted to the wall of the chamber. This generates a tiny electrical current which is converted into a reading on the face of the meter. How does the applied voltage in the chamber of the RADIAC instrument impact its performance? - ANSWER The amount of applied voltage is directly related to the number of atoms ionized. What is gas amplification? - ANSWER The ratio of the charge collected to the charge liberated by the initial ionizing event in a radiation-counter tube In which type of gas amplification will a single original ionization generate just as many electrons as a much larger number of original ionizations? - ANSWER Non proportional Ion Chambers - ANSWER In ion chambers, ionizing radiation passes through a gas. The collisions with the gas molecules produce ion pairs and free electrons.