Integral proteins
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can penetrate membrane bc part of protein is hydrophobic
collagen fibers
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imbedded in proteoglycan layer
often have fibronectan proteins that are physically bound to integrin
proteins which penetrate cell membrane)
Cellular metabloc effcinecy
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decreases as cell gets bigger, bc ratio of surface area to volume gets
bigger
puts a limit on max cell size
BUT: multicellularity avoids this
smaller cells with high surface:volume ratio work together; efficient
Surface to volume ratio
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increase linear dimension
surface area increases in squared way volume increases in cubic way
As a result as cell gets bigger surface area increases and volume changes
greatly
Endocytosis
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, bulk transport of material INTO cell
Equilibrium
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No net change in G
a chem reaction at equilibrium has no gain or loss of G, still occurring, but
no change in G
many ions and polar charged molecules
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Cant cross hydrophobic membrane core without help
require transport proteins
Nucleolus
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assembles ribosomes from RNA and proteins; these go out of nucleus to
cytoplasm, act as centers of polypeptides assembly
Metabolism
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All of the chemical reactions that occur in an organism
active transport cont.
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movement of substance against (up) its gradient
moving ions/olecules opposite their natural direction, from lower to higher
concentration
requires energy
membrane proteins that do this are carrier proteins
In respiration
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there is a constant full towards products, as these are used up it creates
more pull
reactions keep going in one direction, and energy is released in the
process
oxygen is the final puller for electrons and the energy of the electron is
captured along the way
chlorophyll
Give this one a try later!
Give this one a try later!
can penetrate membrane bc part of protein is hydrophobic
collagen fibers
,Give this one a try later!
imbedded in proteoglycan layer
often have fibronectan proteins that are physically bound to integrin
proteins which penetrate cell membrane)
Cellular metabloc effcinecy
Give this one a try later!
decreases as cell gets bigger, bc ratio of surface area to volume gets
bigger
puts a limit on max cell size
BUT: multicellularity avoids this
smaller cells with high surface:volume ratio work together; efficient
Surface to volume ratio
Give this one a try later!
increase linear dimension
surface area increases in squared way volume increases in cubic way
As a result as cell gets bigger surface area increases and volume changes
greatly
Endocytosis
Give this one a try later!
, bulk transport of material INTO cell
Equilibrium
Give this one a try later!
No net change in G
a chem reaction at equilibrium has no gain or loss of G, still occurring, but
no change in G
many ions and polar charged molecules
Give this one a try later!
Cant cross hydrophobic membrane core without help
require transport proteins
Nucleolus
Give this one a try later!
assembles ribosomes from RNA and proteins; these go out of nucleus to
cytoplasm, act as centers of polypeptides assembly
Metabolism
, Give this one a try later!
All of the chemical reactions that occur in an organism
active transport cont.
Give this one a try later!
movement of substance against (up) its gradient
moving ions/olecules opposite their natural direction, from lower to higher
concentration
requires energy
membrane proteins that do this are carrier proteins
In respiration
Give this one a try later!
there is a constant full towards products, as these are used up it creates
more pull
reactions keep going in one direction, and energy is released in the
process
oxygen is the final puller for electrons and the energy of the electron is
captured along the way
chlorophyll
Give this one a try later!
