Major anions (neg charged)
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Chloride (Cl) and Bicarbonate (HCO3)
ABG interpretation
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pH 7.35-7.45
PaCO2 35-45
HCO3 22-26
Use the TIC TAC TOE METHOD:
https://nurseslabs.com/arterial-blood-gas-abgs-interpretation-guide/
Manifestations of Metabolic Alkalosis
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weakness, muscle cramps, and hyperactive reflexes, are related to volume
depletion and electrolyte losses. Because alkalosis increases binding of
Ca++ to
plasma proteins (albumin), ionized calcium concentration decreases,
causing excitable cells to become hypopolarized, which initiates an action
potential more easily. Paresthesias (especially numbness/tingling of the
fingertips and perioral area), tetany, and seizures may develop
Pseudohyperkalemia
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1. hemolysis during blood draw, PLT >1 million, WBC> 200K, mononucleosis,
and familial pseudohyperkalemia
How to calculate serum osmolality
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OSM=[(2Na) + (Glucose/18) + (BUN/2.8)]
"2 Twins named Nate need (glucose/18) to make (buns/2.8)"
Definition: total solute cxn in a fluid compartment
ex: grams of sugar dissolved in kilograms of coffee
Metabolic Acidosis
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Etiology: The cxn of non-carbonic acids increases or bicarbonate (base) is
lsot from the ECF or cant be regenerated by the kidneys
Tonicity
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ability of the combined effect of all the solutes to generate
an osmotic driving force that causes water movement from
one compartment to another.
Normal osmolality
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, 285-294 mOsm/kg
Capillary (plasma) hydrostatic pressure (blood pressure)
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facilitates the
outward movement of water from the capillary to the
interstitial space.
Respiratory Alkalosis Formula
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For every change of 10 in PaCO2, pH increases byL
0.08 (acute)
0.03 (chronic)
For every change of 10 in PaCO2, HCO3 decreases by:
2 mEq/L (acute)
Independent Factors
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ECF volume and ECF sodium cxn
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Chloride (Cl) and Bicarbonate (HCO3)
ABG interpretation
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pH 7.35-7.45
PaCO2 35-45
HCO3 22-26
Use the TIC TAC TOE METHOD:
https://nurseslabs.com/arterial-blood-gas-abgs-interpretation-guide/
Manifestations of Metabolic Alkalosis
Give this one a try later!
weakness, muscle cramps, and hyperactive reflexes, are related to volume
depletion and electrolyte losses. Because alkalosis increases binding of
Ca++ to
plasma proteins (albumin), ionized calcium concentration decreases,
causing excitable cells to become hypopolarized, which initiates an action
potential more easily. Paresthesias (especially numbness/tingling of the
fingertips and perioral area), tetany, and seizures may develop
Pseudohyperkalemia
Give this one a try later!
1. hemolysis during blood draw, PLT >1 million, WBC> 200K, mononucleosis,
and familial pseudohyperkalemia
How to calculate serum osmolality
,Give this one a try later!
OSM=[(2Na) + (Glucose/18) + (BUN/2.8)]
"2 Twins named Nate need (glucose/18) to make (buns/2.8)"
Definition: total solute cxn in a fluid compartment
ex: grams of sugar dissolved in kilograms of coffee
Metabolic Acidosis
Give this one a try later!
Etiology: The cxn of non-carbonic acids increases or bicarbonate (base) is
lsot from the ECF or cant be regenerated by the kidneys
Tonicity
Give this one a try later!
ability of the combined effect of all the solutes to generate
an osmotic driving force that causes water movement from
one compartment to another.
Normal osmolality
Give this one a try later!
, 285-294 mOsm/kg
Capillary (plasma) hydrostatic pressure (blood pressure)
Give this one a try later!
facilitates the
outward movement of water from the capillary to the
interstitial space.
Respiratory Alkalosis Formula
Give this one a try later!
For every change of 10 in PaCO2, pH increases byL
0.08 (acute)
0.03 (chronic)
For every change of 10 in PaCO2, HCO3 decreases by:
2 mEq/L (acute)
Independent Factors
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ECF volume and ECF sodium cxn
