Biology Final Exam Review Questions And Answers Rated 100%!!!

abiotic - ANS non-living autotroph - ANS An organism that makes its own food. asexual reproduction - ANS a reproductive process that involves only one parent and produces offspring that are identical to the parent biotic - ANS living biosphere - ANS Consists of all life on Earth and all parts of the Earth in which life exists, including land, water, and the atmosphere. cell specialization - ANS Cells throughout an organism can develop in different ways to perform different tasks. cell differentation - ANS Process by which cells become different types of cells carbon cycle - ANS Cyclic movement of carbon in different chemical forms from the environment to organisms and then back to the environment. cell differentiation - ANS the process by which a cell becomes specialized for a specific structure or function chemical bond - ANS the attractive force that holds atoms or ions together where the energy in a compound is stored chromosome pair - ANS identical copies of a single chromosome copy of mom chromosome 1 next to mom chromosome 1 consumer - ANS an organism that obtains energy by feeding on other organisms deletion - ANS the loss of a part of DNA from a chromosome detritivore - ANS An organism (like the earthworm) that feeds on decaying matter after it has been broken down by decomposers. DNA - ANS deoxyribonucleic acid; the genetic material that carries information about an organism that is passed from parent to offspring AND is used by an individual as the recipe for making proteins DNA sequence - ANS The sequence, or order, in which the nitrogenous bases adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T) are arranged in a gene or a DNA fragment, or in an organism's genome. double helix - ANS two strands of nucleotides wound about each other; structure of DNA ecosystem stability - ANS the total number of species is fairly consistant from year to year---the same species were present each year--- the population size of each species was approximately the same from year to year endangered species - ANS A species whose numbers are so small that the species is at risk of extinction exponential growth - ANS growth pattern in which the individuals in a population reproduce at a constant rate food web - ANS a community of organisms where there are several interrelated food chains gene - ANS sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait genetic diversity - ANS the amount of variation in the genetic material within all members of a popualtion genetic variation - ANS The variety of different types of genes in a species or population. genotype - ANS an organism's genetic makeup, or allele combinations greenhouse effect - ANS natural situation in which heat is retained in Earth's atmosphere by carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor, and other gases heterozygous - ANS having two different alleles for a trait heterotroph - ANS An organism that cannot make its own food and thus eats other organisms homeostasis - ANS Process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment. insertion - ANS A mutation involving the addition of one or more nucleotide pairs to a gene. inversion - ANS (genetics) a kind of mutation in which the order of the genes in a section of a chromosome is reversed logistic growth - ANS growth pattern in which a population's growth rate slows or stops following a period of exponential growth messenger RNA - ANS Type of RNA that carries genetic information from DNA in the nucleus to direct protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; process of making it is called transcription phenotype - ANS physical characteristics of an organism polygenic trait - ANS trait that is controlled by two or more gene combinations point substitution - ANS when one nucleotide is substituted for another product - ANS element or compound produced by a chemical reaction protein - ANS a molecule that is made up of amino acids and that is needed to build and repair body structures and to regulate processes in the body, ie does everything protein synthesis - ANS forming proteins based on information in DNA and carried out by RNA; two parts - transcription & translation Punnett Square - ANS a chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross genetic recombination - ANS The general term for the production of offspring with new combinations of traits inherited from the two parents.