Cross-linking in aging
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(also known as the glycosylation theory of aging) attributes aging to
chemical changes that happen in the body. These changes happen
gradually as proteins, structural molecules, and DNA develops detrimental
chemical bonds (also known as cross-links) to each other
, Apoptosis (Type I programmed Cell Death)
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Cell Size: reduced (shrinkage)
Nucelus: fragmentation into nucleosome-size fragments
Plasma Membrane: intact; altered structure, especially orientation of lipids
Cellular contents: intact; may be released in apoptotic bodies
Adjacent inflammation: NO
Physiologic or Pathologic?: often physiologic, but may be pathologic after
some form of cell injury
reperfusion injury
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when blood flow is restored to tissue that has been anoxic and surviving by
anaerobic metabolism. As soon as blood flow is restored and o2 provided,
there is a tremendous burst of oxidative metabolism, which results in the
accumulation of oxygen radicals. Oxygen radicals cause lipid peroxidation
of cell membranes, single strand breaks in DNA, and impairment of protein
synthesis in the cell.
caseous necrosis
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Give this one a try later!
(also known as the glycosylation theory of aging) attributes aging to
chemical changes that happen in the body. These changes happen
gradually as proteins, structural molecules, and DNA develops detrimental
chemical bonds (also known as cross-links) to each other
, Apoptosis (Type I programmed Cell Death)
Give this one a try later!
Cell Size: reduced (shrinkage)
Nucelus: fragmentation into nucleosome-size fragments
Plasma Membrane: intact; altered structure, especially orientation of lipids
Cellular contents: intact; may be released in apoptotic bodies
Adjacent inflammation: NO
Physiologic or Pathologic?: often physiologic, but may be pathologic after
some form of cell injury
reperfusion injury
Give this one a try later!
when blood flow is restored to tissue that has been anoxic and surviving by
anaerobic metabolism. As soon as blood flow is restored and o2 provided,
there is a tremendous burst of oxidative metabolism, which results in the
accumulation of oxygen radicals. Oxygen radicals cause lipid peroxidation
of cell membranes, single strand breaks in DNA, and impairment of protein
synthesis in the cell.
caseous necrosis
Give this one a try later!
