Biology 30 Final Exam Questions And Answers Rated 100%!!!

Sex-influenced Trait - ANS Carried on a autosome but occurs in one sex more then the other due to hormones Homozygous - ANS Have two identical alleles for a given gene Recombinant Gene - ANS The joined DNA of two different species Downs Syndrome - ANS Trisomy 21; Disjunction resulting in an extra chromosome 21 Gene Pool - ANS All the genes in a population at any one time. Genetics - ANS Scientific study of heredity Phenotype - ANS An organisms physical appearance or visible traits. Testcross - ANS Breeding an organism of unknown genotype with a homozygous recessive individual to determine the unknown genotype. The ratio of phenotypes in the offspring reveals the unknown genotype. Codominance - ANS A trait in which neither of two alleles of a gene is dominant or recessive. Sex linked trait - ANS traits controlled by genes located on the X chromosome Heredity - ANS Passing of traits from parents to offspring Pedigree - ANS A diagram that shows the occurrence of a genetic trait in several generations of a family Karyotype - ANS A picture of all the chromosomes in a cell. Klinefelters Syndrome - ANS Genotype XXY, An abnormal sperm containing both an X and a Y chromosome fertilizes a normal egg Genotype - ANS An organism's genetic makeup Heterozygous - ANS An organism that has two different alleles for a trait Autosome - ANS Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome Nondisjunction - ANS Error in meiosis in which homologous chromosomes fail to separate. Trisomy - ANS Disjunction that results in a fetus with three of one chromosome Monosomy - ANS Disjunction that results in a fetus with only one copy of the chromomsome Hybrid - ANS the offspring of genetically different parents Adaptive Radiation - ANS Evolution in which organisms originate from the same ancestors Genetic Drift - ANS Changes in the gene pool due to chance Species - ANS Group of organisms that are similar in structure and can mate and produce similar offspring Fossil - ANS Preserved remains or traces of ancient organisms. Evolution - ANS Change in a kind of organism over time; process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms. Genetic Equilbrium - ANS genetic makeup of a population reamians unchanged Homologous Structure - ANS Similar structures with different functions Vestigal Structures - ANS a structure in a present day organism that no longer serves its natural purpose ie pinky toe Analogous structure - ANS Structure that is similar in function but differs in appearance Lamarack - ANS proposed that organisms can aquire a new physical trait during its lifetime and pass it on to the offspring Darwin - ANS believed in "natural selection" and "Survival of the Fittest" Convergent Evolution - ANS Process by which unrelated organisms independently evolve similarities when adapting to similar environments Hardy Weinberg Law - ANS States that the gene pool remains relatively unchanged by random breeding without external factors Gradualism - ANS The theory that evolution occurs slowly but steadily Punctuated Equilibrium - ANS Pattern of evolution in which long stable periods are interrupted by brief periods of more rapid change Mitosis - ANS Division of the Nucleus, produces body cells Meiosis - ANS Cell division that produces reproductive cells in sexually reproducing organisms Eukaryotic - ANS A cell with a nucleus and internal structures Active Transport - ANS Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference Passive Transport - ANS Requires NO energy, Movement of molecules from high to low concentration, Moves with the concentration gradient Prokaryotic - ANS An organism whose cells do not have an enclosed nucleus, or any internal structures