NURS 611 Patho Exam 2 WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2025
1.Conserving energy, digesting, metabolism, and rest - CORRECT-ANSWERSReview: the
parasympathetic system is all about what?
Parasympathetic System - CORRECT-ANSWERSConserving energy, digesting, metabolism,
and rest
2.Increases blood sugar levels, increases body temperature, and increases blood pressure -
CORRECT-ANSWERSThe sympathetic nervous system primarily serves to protect an
individual by doing which of the following? (select all that apply)
C.Sympathetic Nervous System - CORRECT-ANSWERSIncreasing body temperature
E.Sympathetic Nervous System - CORRECT-ANSWERSIncreasing blood pressure, increases
blood sugar levels, increases body temperature.
Sympathetic Nervous System - CORRECT-ANSWERSIncreases blood sugar levels, increases
body temperature, and increases blood pressure
- CORRECT-ANSWERSIn general, sympathetic stimulation promotes responses that are
concerned with the protection of the individual, which include increasing glucose, body temp,
and BP.
3. Mobilizing energy stores, glucose to muscles, decreased release of insulin, redirects blood
supply from the gut to the muscles, heart, and lungs - CORRECT-ANSWERSReview: the
sympathetic system is all about what?
Sympathetic System - CORRECT-ANSWERSIt's all about mobilizing energy stores, for instance
glucose to muscles, decreased release of insulin, redirects blood supply from the gut to the
muscles, heart, and lungs.
4.Level of consciousness - CORRECT-ANSWERSWhich characteristic is the most critical index
of nervous system dysfunction?
Most Critical Index of Nervous system dysfunction - CORRECT-ANSWERSLOC is the most
critical clinical index of nervous system function or dysfunction. An alteration in consciousness
indicates either improvement or deterioration of a person's condition.
5.Prefrontal Lobe - CORRECT-ANSWERSThought and goal-oriented behaviors are functions of
which area of the brain?
,Prefrontal lobe - CORRECT-ANSWERSarea is responsible for goal-oriented behavior such as
the ability to concentrate, short-term or recall memory, and the elaboration of thought and
inhibition on the limbic (emotional) areas of the CNS.
6. Broca area in the frontal lobe - CORRECT-ANSWERSWhere is the region responsible for the
motor aspects?
Broca are in the frontal lobe - CORRECT-ANSWERSBroca speech area is the only region
responsible for the motor aspects of speech.
7.Basal ganglia - CORRECT-ANSWERSParkinson and Huntington diseases are associated with
defects in which area of the brain?
8. Hypothalamus - CORRECT-ANSWERSMaintenance of a constant internal environment and
the implementation of behavioral patterns are main functions of which area of the brain?
1)maintenance of a constant internal environment, and 2) implementation of behavioral patterns -
CORRECT-ANSWERSHypothalamic function falls into 2 major areas:
9.Limbic System and prefrontal cortex - CORRECT-ANSWERSWhat parts of the brain mediate
the expression of affect, both emotional and behavioral states?
Mediate expression of affect, both emotional and behavioral states - CORRECT-
ANSWERSLimbic system and prefrontal cortex
10. Medulla Oblongata - CORRECT-ANSWERSReflex activities concerned with heart rate,
blood pressure, respirations, sneezing, swallowing, and coughing are controlled by which area of
the brain?
Medulla Oblongata - CORRECT-ANSWERSmakes up the myelencephalon and is the lowest
portion of the brainstem.
11.Cerebellum - CORRECT-ANSWERSWhich area of the brain assumes the responsibility for
conscious and unconscious muscle synergy and for maintaining balance and posture?
12. 20% or 800 to 1000 ml of blood flow per minute - CORRECT-ANSWERSThe brain receives
approximately what percentage of the cardiac output?
13. uneven expression of mood, unstable blood glucose levels, and poor temperature regulation -
CORRECT-ANSWERSWhat evidence does the nurse expect to see when a patient experiences
trauma to the hypothalamus? (select all that apply)
Trauma to hypothalamus - CORRECT-ANSWERSUneven expression of mood, unstable blood
glucose levels, and poor temp regulation
, Hypothalamus - CORRECT-ANSWERSForms the base of the diencephalon. Function controls
autonomic nervous system function, regulation of body temp, endocrine function (glucose
levels), and regulation of emotional expression.
14.Skin and Mucous Membranes - CORRECT-ANSWERSWhat is the first defense of our
bodies?
15. To prevent infection of the injured tissue - CORRECT-ANSWERSWhich action is the
purpose of the inflammatory process?
Inflammation - CORRECT-ANSWERSIf the epithelial barrier is damaged, then a highly
efficient local and system response ______________ is mobilized to limit the extent of damage,
to protect against infection, and to initiate the repair of damaged tissue.
Loss of function (functio laesa) - CORRECT-ANSWERSThere is a 5th sign known as loss of
function (functio laesa) but Dr. Wunderlich did not mention this.
16.Edema (tumor), warmth (calor), redness (rubor), and pain (dolar) - CORRECT-
ANSWERSWhat are the 4 cardinal signs of infection?
17. Leukocytes - CORRECT-ANSWERSWhich type of white blood cell is first to arrive at the
site of infection?
18. Increased Capillary permeability - CORRECT-ANSWERSWhat causes the edema that
occurs during the inflammatory process?
Inflammatory process - CORRECT-ANSWERSThe increased flow and capillary permeability
result in a leakage of plasma from the vessels, causing swelling in the surrounding tissue and is
solely responsible for inflammation-induced edema.
19. Vasodilation of blood vessels - CORRECT-ANSWERSWhat process causes heat and redness
to occur during the inflammatory process?
locally increased warmth and redness - CORRECT-ANSWERSThe increased blood flow, as a
result of vasodilation and increasing concentration of red cells at the site of inflammation cause
20. Directing leukocytes to the inflamed area - CORRECT-ANSWERSThe chemotactic factor
affects the inflammatory process by?
neutrophil chemotactic factor (NCF) and eosinophil chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis (ECF-A),
are released during mast cell degranulation. NCF attracts neutrophils (a type of leukocytes), and
ECF-A attracts eosinophils to the site of inflammation. - CORRECT-ANSWERSTwo
chemotactic factors:
1.Conserving energy, digesting, metabolism, and rest - CORRECT-ANSWERSReview: the
parasympathetic system is all about what?
Parasympathetic System - CORRECT-ANSWERSConserving energy, digesting, metabolism,
and rest
2.Increases blood sugar levels, increases body temperature, and increases blood pressure -
CORRECT-ANSWERSThe sympathetic nervous system primarily serves to protect an
individual by doing which of the following? (select all that apply)
C.Sympathetic Nervous System - CORRECT-ANSWERSIncreasing body temperature
E.Sympathetic Nervous System - CORRECT-ANSWERSIncreasing blood pressure, increases
blood sugar levels, increases body temperature.
Sympathetic Nervous System - CORRECT-ANSWERSIncreases blood sugar levels, increases
body temperature, and increases blood pressure
- CORRECT-ANSWERSIn general, sympathetic stimulation promotes responses that are
concerned with the protection of the individual, which include increasing glucose, body temp,
and BP.
3. Mobilizing energy stores, glucose to muscles, decreased release of insulin, redirects blood
supply from the gut to the muscles, heart, and lungs - CORRECT-ANSWERSReview: the
sympathetic system is all about what?
Sympathetic System - CORRECT-ANSWERSIt's all about mobilizing energy stores, for instance
glucose to muscles, decreased release of insulin, redirects blood supply from the gut to the
muscles, heart, and lungs.
4.Level of consciousness - CORRECT-ANSWERSWhich characteristic is the most critical index
of nervous system dysfunction?
Most Critical Index of Nervous system dysfunction - CORRECT-ANSWERSLOC is the most
critical clinical index of nervous system function or dysfunction. An alteration in consciousness
indicates either improvement or deterioration of a person's condition.
5.Prefrontal Lobe - CORRECT-ANSWERSThought and goal-oriented behaviors are functions of
which area of the brain?
,Prefrontal lobe - CORRECT-ANSWERSarea is responsible for goal-oriented behavior such as
the ability to concentrate, short-term or recall memory, and the elaboration of thought and
inhibition on the limbic (emotional) areas of the CNS.
6. Broca area in the frontal lobe - CORRECT-ANSWERSWhere is the region responsible for the
motor aspects?
Broca are in the frontal lobe - CORRECT-ANSWERSBroca speech area is the only region
responsible for the motor aspects of speech.
7.Basal ganglia - CORRECT-ANSWERSParkinson and Huntington diseases are associated with
defects in which area of the brain?
8. Hypothalamus - CORRECT-ANSWERSMaintenance of a constant internal environment and
the implementation of behavioral patterns are main functions of which area of the brain?
1)maintenance of a constant internal environment, and 2) implementation of behavioral patterns -
CORRECT-ANSWERSHypothalamic function falls into 2 major areas:
9.Limbic System and prefrontal cortex - CORRECT-ANSWERSWhat parts of the brain mediate
the expression of affect, both emotional and behavioral states?
Mediate expression of affect, both emotional and behavioral states - CORRECT-
ANSWERSLimbic system and prefrontal cortex
10. Medulla Oblongata - CORRECT-ANSWERSReflex activities concerned with heart rate,
blood pressure, respirations, sneezing, swallowing, and coughing are controlled by which area of
the brain?
Medulla Oblongata - CORRECT-ANSWERSmakes up the myelencephalon and is the lowest
portion of the brainstem.
11.Cerebellum - CORRECT-ANSWERSWhich area of the brain assumes the responsibility for
conscious and unconscious muscle synergy and for maintaining balance and posture?
12. 20% or 800 to 1000 ml of blood flow per minute - CORRECT-ANSWERSThe brain receives
approximately what percentage of the cardiac output?
13. uneven expression of mood, unstable blood glucose levels, and poor temperature regulation -
CORRECT-ANSWERSWhat evidence does the nurse expect to see when a patient experiences
trauma to the hypothalamus? (select all that apply)
Trauma to hypothalamus - CORRECT-ANSWERSUneven expression of mood, unstable blood
glucose levels, and poor temp regulation
, Hypothalamus - CORRECT-ANSWERSForms the base of the diencephalon. Function controls
autonomic nervous system function, regulation of body temp, endocrine function (glucose
levels), and regulation of emotional expression.
14.Skin and Mucous Membranes - CORRECT-ANSWERSWhat is the first defense of our
bodies?
15. To prevent infection of the injured tissue - CORRECT-ANSWERSWhich action is the
purpose of the inflammatory process?
Inflammation - CORRECT-ANSWERSIf the epithelial barrier is damaged, then a highly
efficient local and system response ______________ is mobilized to limit the extent of damage,
to protect against infection, and to initiate the repair of damaged tissue.
Loss of function (functio laesa) - CORRECT-ANSWERSThere is a 5th sign known as loss of
function (functio laesa) but Dr. Wunderlich did not mention this.
16.Edema (tumor), warmth (calor), redness (rubor), and pain (dolar) - CORRECT-
ANSWERSWhat are the 4 cardinal signs of infection?
17. Leukocytes - CORRECT-ANSWERSWhich type of white blood cell is first to arrive at the
site of infection?
18. Increased Capillary permeability - CORRECT-ANSWERSWhat causes the edema that
occurs during the inflammatory process?
Inflammatory process - CORRECT-ANSWERSThe increased flow and capillary permeability
result in a leakage of plasma from the vessels, causing swelling in the surrounding tissue and is
solely responsible for inflammation-induced edema.
19. Vasodilation of blood vessels - CORRECT-ANSWERSWhat process causes heat and redness
to occur during the inflammatory process?
locally increased warmth and redness - CORRECT-ANSWERSThe increased blood flow, as a
result of vasodilation and increasing concentration of red cells at the site of inflammation cause
20. Directing leukocytes to the inflamed area - CORRECT-ANSWERSThe chemotactic factor
affects the inflammatory process by?
neutrophil chemotactic factor (NCF) and eosinophil chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis (ECF-A),
are released during mast cell degranulation. NCF attracts neutrophils (a type of leukocytes), and
ECF-A attracts eosinophils to the site of inflammation. - CORRECT-ANSWERSTwo
chemotactic factors:
