Nutrition HESI TEST 2025
Hydrogenation - CORRECT ANSWER-the process of adding hydrogen to a liquid or
polyunsaturated fat and changing it to a solid or semisolid state
Hypervitaminosis - CORRECT ANSWER-the excess of one or more vitamins
Hypoglycemia - CORRECT ANSWER-low blood sugar
Incomplete proteins - CORRECT ANSWER-foods that lack one or more of the essential
amino acids
Indispensable amino acids - CORRECT ANSWER-the 9 amino acids that the body
cannot manufacture in sufficient quantity (or at all) and therefore must be supplied in the
diet
Intracellular - CORRECT ANSWER-fluid within cells
Invisible fats - CORRECT ANSWER-those in which the fat is less obvious
Monosaccharides - CORRECT ANSWER-single sugars which require no digestion and
are easily absorbed into the bloodstream
Pasteurized - CORRECT ANSWER-heated to a specific temperature to destroy
pathogenic bacteria
Polysaccharides - CORRECT ANSWER-complex carbs
Precursor - CORRECT ANSWER-substance that precedes and can be changed into an
active vitamin
, Saturated fats - CORRECT ANSWER-organic compounds that are completely filled with
all the hydrogen they can hold
Synthetic - CORRECT ANSWER-manufactured vitamins
Unsaturated fats - CORRECT ANSWER-hydrogen can be added to one or more places
in a chemical structure
Visible fats - CORRECT ANSWER-those readily seen
Vitamins - CORRECT ANSWER-organic compounds needed in small amounts for
growth and maintenance of life
Functions of food (3) - CORRECT ANSWER-1. provides energy
2. builds and repairs body tissues
3. regulates and controls the chemical processes in the body, which are essential for
providing energy and building tissues
Evidence of under nutrition (1) - CORRECT ANSWER-greater risk of physical illness,
limited in physical work and mental capacity, and have lower immune system function
than do people receiving adequate nutrients
Primary causes of nutritional deficiency (2) - CORRECT ANSWER-Dietary lack of
specific essential nutrients caused by:
1. anorexia or bulimia
2. alcoholism
3. poor food habits or eating nutritionally deficient foods
Inability of the body to use specific nutrients properly as a result of:
1. diseases of the digestive tract
2. faulty absorption in digestive tract
3. metabolic disorders such as diabetes
4. drug interactions or toxicity
Classification of nutrients - CORRECT ANSWER-1. carbs
2. fats
3. proteins
4. vitamins
5. minerals
6. water
Carbohydrate digestion - CORRECT ANSWER-begins in the mouth and occurs
primarily in the small intestine; carbs are reduced to simple sugars such as glucose for
absorption.
Sorbitol - CORRECT ANSWER-naturally occurring sugar that is not absorbed, may
cause diarrhea in children
Hydrogenation - CORRECT ANSWER-the process of adding hydrogen to a liquid or
polyunsaturated fat and changing it to a solid or semisolid state
Hypervitaminosis - CORRECT ANSWER-the excess of one or more vitamins
Hypoglycemia - CORRECT ANSWER-low blood sugar
Incomplete proteins - CORRECT ANSWER-foods that lack one or more of the essential
amino acids
Indispensable amino acids - CORRECT ANSWER-the 9 amino acids that the body
cannot manufacture in sufficient quantity (or at all) and therefore must be supplied in the
diet
Intracellular - CORRECT ANSWER-fluid within cells
Invisible fats - CORRECT ANSWER-those in which the fat is less obvious
Monosaccharides - CORRECT ANSWER-single sugars which require no digestion and
are easily absorbed into the bloodstream
Pasteurized - CORRECT ANSWER-heated to a specific temperature to destroy
pathogenic bacteria
Polysaccharides - CORRECT ANSWER-complex carbs
Precursor - CORRECT ANSWER-substance that precedes and can be changed into an
active vitamin
, Saturated fats - CORRECT ANSWER-organic compounds that are completely filled with
all the hydrogen they can hold
Synthetic - CORRECT ANSWER-manufactured vitamins
Unsaturated fats - CORRECT ANSWER-hydrogen can be added to one or more places
in a chemical structure
Visible fats - CORRECT ANSWER-those readily seen
Vitamins - CORRECT ANSWER-organic compounds needed in small amounts for
growth and maintenance of life
Functions of food (3) - CORRECT ANSWER-1. provides energy
2. builds and repairs body tissues
3. regulates and controls the chemical processes in the body, which are essential for
providing energy and building tissues
Evidence of under nutrition (1) - CORRECT ANSWER-greater risk of physical illness,
limited in physical work and mental capacity, and have lower immune system function
than do people receiving adequate nutrients
Primary causes of nutritional deficiency (2) - CORRECT ANSWER-Dietary lack of
specific essential nutrients caused by:
1. anorexia or bulimia
2. alcoholism
3. poor food habits or eating nutritionally deficient foods
Inability of the body to use specific nutrients properly as a result of:
1. diseases of the digestive tract
2. faulty absorption in digestive tract
3. metabolic disorders such as diabetes
4. drug interactions or toxicity
Classification of nutrients - CORRECT ANSWER-1. carbs
2. fats
3. proteins
4. vitamins
5. minerals
6. water
Carbohydrate digestion - CORRECT ANSWER-begins in the mouth and occurs
primarily in the small intestine; carbs are reduced to simple sugars such as glucose for
absorption.
Sorbitol - CORRECT ANSWER-naturally occurring sugar that is not absorbed, may
cause diarrhea in children
