NURS 365 NURSING SCIENCE LATEST
UPDATED (2025-2026) FINAL EXAM
STUDY GUIDE, (with all information
you need to pass) VIRGINIA
COMMONWEALTH UNIVERSITY
, NURS 365 FINAL Test 4 Study Guide and Rubric
FINAL Test 4 - TEST RUBRIC
Comprehensive 20
Intro to Pharm 2
Fluid, Electrolytes, Acid-Base 1
Renal Disease 3
Renal Drugs 1
Immune, Inflammation 4
Immune Drugs 2
Cardiac 5
Cardiac Drugs 2
Total 20
COMPREHENSIVE CONTENT
Intro to Pharmacology
● Purpose of drug therapy – properties of an ideal drug
● Effectiveness- has to do what it is suppose to do
● Safety- no completely safe drugs
● Selectivity- would produce ONLY the desired effect
● other properties
○ Reversibility
○ Predictability
○ Ease of Administration
○ Freedom from Drug Interactions
○ Low Cost
, ○ Chemical Stability
○ Possession of a Simple Generic Name
● Pharmacokinetics
● absorption-is the movement of med from site of administration to
the blood
○ routes of administration:
■ parenteral
● IV, IM, SQ
■ enteral
● oral (PO)
a. adverse risk- first pass effect from
liver that causing inactivity of drug
● distribution- is when the medication is carried from blood to target
place
○ affected by blood flow, ability to exit the vascular system,
ability to enter cells
● metabolism- is how the medicine is transformed or changed to do
the desired function
● excretion- is the med getting it out of the body
Fluid & Electrolytes, Acid-Base Imbalances
● Hypo/hyperventilation impact on ABG
i. normal
1. pH: 7.35-7.45
2. HCO3: 22-26
3. paCO2: 35-45
● Causes and symptoms of all acid-base imbalances
i. Respiratory Acidosis
1. elevation of pco2 hypoventilation
2. causes
a. hypoventilation
3. symptoms
a. decreases LOC
b. cerebral vasodialtion
c. Low ph <7.35
UPDATED (2025-2026) FINAL EXAM
STUDY GUIDE, (with all information
you need to pass) VIRGINIA
COMMONWEALTH UNIVERSITY
, NURS 365 FINAL Test 4 Study Guide and Rubric
FINAL Test 4 - TEST RUBRIC
Comprehensive 20
Intro to Pharm 2
Fluid, Electrolytes, Acid-Base 1
Renal Disease 3
Renal Drugs 1
Immune, Inflammation 4
Immune Drugs 2
Cardiac 5
Cardiac Drugs 2
Total 20
COMPREHENSIVE CONTENT
Intro to Pharmacology
● Purpose of drug therapy – properties of an ideal drug
● Effectiveness- has to do what it is suppose to do
● Safety- no completely safe drugs
● Selectivity- would produce ONLY the desired effect
● other properties
○ Reversibility
○ Predictability
○ Ease of Administration
○ Freedom from Drug Interactions
○ Low Cost
, ○ Chemical Stability
○ Possession of a Simple Generic Name
● Pharmacokinetics
● absorption-is the movement of med from site of administration to
the blood
○ routes of administration:
■ parenteral
● IV, IM, SQ
■ enteral
● oral (PO)
a. adverse risk- first pass effect from
liver that causing inactivity of drug
● distribution- is when the medication is carried from blood to target
place
○ affected by blood flow, ability to exit the vascular system,
ability to enter cells
● metabolism- is how the medicine is transformed or changed to do
the desired function
● excretion- is the med getting it out of the body
Fluid & Electrolytes, Acid-Base Imbalances
● Hypo/hyperventilation impact on ABG
i. normal
1. pH: 7.35-7.45
2. HCO3: 22-26
3. paCO2: 35-45
● Causes and symptoms of all acid-base imbalances
i. Respiratory Acidosis
1. elevation of pco2 hypoventilation
2. causes
a. hypoventilation
3. symptoms
a. decreases LOC
b. cerebral vasodialtion
c. Low ph <7.35
