CHEM 210 EXAM 1 EXAM WITH
CORRECT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
2025
sp Hybridization - CORRECT-ANSWERS2 SP + 2 π orbital
Linear geometry at carbon
sp² Hybridization - CORRECT-ANSWERS3 SP + 1 π orbital
Trigonal planar geometry at carbon
sp³ Hybridization - CORRECT-ANSWERS4 SP orbitals
Tetrahedral geometry
Antibonding MOs - CORRECT-ANSWERSDestructive interference waves
created by high energy electrons in MO models (Node is always present in
antibonds)
Bonding MOs - CORRECT-ANSWERSConstructive interference waves created
by lower energy electrons in MO models (No nodes, but beware of node-like
low-probability regions)
HOMO - CORRECT-ANSWERSHighest Occupied Molecular Orbital
-Holds highest energy electrons
-NUCLEOPHILIC
LUMO - CORRECT-ANSWERSLowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital
-Lowest energy empty orbital
-ELECTROPHILIC
, Generic Ordering of MOs (by energy) - CORRECT-ANSWERSσ* - Almost never
occupied in ground state
π* - Rarely occupied in ground state
n - Non-bonding (LONE PAIRS)
π - Always occupied in compounds w/ multiple bonds
σ - At least 1 occupied in all molecules
Nonpolar Covalent Bond - CORRECT-ANSWERSBond in which the
electronegativity difference between bonded atoms is LESS THAN 0.5
Ex: C=C
Polar Covalent Bond - CORRECT-ANSWERSBond in which the
electronegativity difference between bonded atoms is BETWEEN 0.5 and 2.0
Ex: C=O
Ionic Bond - CORRECT-ANSWERSBond in which the electronegativity
difference between bonded atoms is MORE THAN 2.0
Ex: ONa
Aliphatic Hydrocarbons - CORRECT-ANSWERSHydrocarbons which do not
contain an aromatic ring
Aromatic Hydrocarbons - CORRECT-ANSWERSHydrocarbons which do contain
an aromatic ring (Benzene)
Alkane - CORRECT-ANSWERSHydrocarbons which are saturated (all single
bonds)
-IUPAC Suffix = "___ane"
-Formula = C(n)H(₂n+₂)
Alkene - CORRECT-ANSWERSHydrocarbons which are unsaturated by one or
more double bond
CORRECT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
2025
sp Hybridization - CORRECT-ANSWERS2 SP + 2 π orbital
Linear geometry at carbon
sp² Hybridization - CORRECT-ANSWERS3 SP + 1 π orbital
Trigonal planar geometry at carbon
sp³ Hybridization - CORRECT-ANSWERS4 SP orbitals
Tetrahedral geometry
Antibonding MOs - CORRECT-ANSWERSDestructive interference waves
created by high energy electrons in MO models (Node is always present in
antibonds)
Bonding MOs - CORRECT-ANSWERSConstructive interference waves created
by lower energy electrons in MO models (No nodes, but beware of node-like
low-probability regions)
HOMO - CORRECT-ANSWERSHighest Occupied Molecular Orbital
-Holds highest energy electrons
-NUCLEOPHILIC
LUMO - CORRECT-ANSWERSLowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital
-Lowest energy empty orbital
-ELECTROPHILIC
, Generic Ordering of MOs (by energy) - CORRECT-ANSWERSσ* - Almost never
occupied in ground state
π* - Rarely occupied in ground state
n - Non-bonding (LONE PAIRS)
π - Always occupied in compounds w/ multiple bonds
σ - At least 1 occupied in all molecules
Nonpolar Covalent Bond - CORRECT-ANSWERSBond in which the
electronegativity difference between bonded atoms is LESS THAN 0.5
Ex: C=C
Polar Covalent Bond - CORRECT-ANSWERSBond in which the
electronegativity difference between bonded atoms is BETWEEN 0.5 and 2.0
Ex: C=O
Ionic Bond - CORRECT-ANSWERSBond in which the electronegativity
difference between bonded atoms is MORE THAN 2.0
Ex: ONa
Aliphatic Hydrocarbons - CORRECT-ANSWERSHydrocarbons which do not
contain an aromatic ring
Aromatic Hydrocarbons - CORRECT-ANSWERSHydrocarbons which do contain
an aromatic ring (Benzene)
Alkane - CORRECT-ANSWERSHydrocarbons which are saturated (all single
bonds)
-IUPAC Suffix = "___ane"
-Formula = C(n)H(₂n+₂)
Alkene - CORRECT-ANSWERSHydrocarbons which are unsaturated by one or
more double bond
