AFAA Group Fitness Instructor Test Exam Questions And Answers

Interrelation of nervous, muscular, and skeletal systems to create movement - ANS Kinetic chain brain and spinal cord, coordinates activity of body parts - ANS Central nervous system all nerves branching off spinal cord, extending out to the body - ANS Peripheral nervous system sense distortion in body tissues - ANS mechanoreceptors mechanoreceptor that senses changes in tension - ANS Golgi tendon organs mechanoreceptor that senses changes in length - ANS muscle spindles cumulative sensory input to the CNS from all mechanoreceptors - ANS proprioception connect muscle to bone, anchor to produce force, limited blood flow, slow to repair - ANS tendons individual contractile units, actin and myosin filaments - ANS sarcomeres slow twitch - more aerobic, slower to reach maximal contraction, resistant to fatigue - ANS type I muscles more anaerobic, produce more speed and strength, faster to fatigue - ANS type ii muscles extensibility, elasticity, irritability, ability to develop tension - ANS behavioral properties of muscles stabilization muscles - core - ANS transverse abdominus stabilization - core - ANS multifidus stabilization - core - ANS internal obliques stabilization - core - ANS diaphragm stabilization - core - ANS pelvic floor muscles stabilization - core - ANS external obliques stabilization - core - ANS quadrates lumborum stabilization - core - ANS psoas major stabilization - core - ANS rectus abdominis stabilization - core - ANS gluteus medius stabilization - core - ANS adductor complex movement - core - ANS latissimus dorsi movement - core - ANS hip flexors movement - core - ANS hamstring complex movement - core - ANS quadriceps movement - core - ANS pectoralis major movement - core - ANS deltoids movement - core - ANS gluteus maximus movement- core - ANS triceps movement - core - ANS biceps movement - core - ANS erector spine rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, medialis, and intermedius; knee extension; squat - ANS quadriceps: parts, function, and exercise semitendinosus, semaimembranosous, biceps femoris; knee flexion, hamstrings curl - ANS hamstrings: parts, function, and exercise plantar flexion, calf raise - ANS gastrocnemius: function and exercise hip extension and external rotation, lunge (upward phase) - ANS gluteus maximus: function and exercise spinal flexion, lateral flexion, and rotation; ball crunch - ANS rectus abdominis: function and exercise shoulder flexion and horizontal adduction; push up - ANS pectoralis major: function and exercise shoulder extension, adduction, and internal rotation; band row - ANS latissimus dorsi: function and exercise elbow flexion, biceps curl - ANS biceps: function and exercise elbow extension; triceps extension - ANS triceps: function and exercise connect bone to bone, limited blood flow, slow to repair - ANS ligaments skull, rib cage, and vertebral column - ANS axial skeleton bones of upper and lower extremities - ANS appendicular skeleton movement, support, protection, blood production, mineral storage - ANS skeletal system functions no joint cavity or connective tissue, little to no movement (e.g., sutures of the skull) - ANS non-synovial joint produces synovial fluid, has joint cavity and connective tissue (gliding, condyloid, hinge, saddle, pivot, ball-and-socket) - ANS synovial joint synovial; no axis of rotation, slides side-to-side, back and forth (e.g., carpals of the hand) - ANS gliding joint synovial; condyles of one bone fit elliptical cavities of another, one plane of motion (e.g., knee) - ANS condyloid joint synovial; uniaxial; one plane of motion (e.g., elbow) - ANS hinge joint synovial; one bone fits like a saddle on another; two planes of motion (sagittal, frontal) (thumbs are only ones in body) - ANS saddle joint synovial; one axis, transverse plane movement (e.g., radioulnar) - ANS pivot joint synovial; most mobile, all three planes of motion (e.g., shoulder) - ANS ball-and-socket lumbar - L1-L5 thoracic - T1-T12 cervical - C1-C7 - ANS vertebrae reduces bone mass loss and increases bone mineral density - ANS Exercise's effect on bones atria (right and left), ventricles (right and left), sinoatrial node, arteries, veins, stroke volume, heart rate, functions of blood, respiratory pump - ANS Structures of the heart superior chambers, receive blood from outside heart - ANS atria gather deoxygenated blood from body - ANS right atrium gathers oxygenated blood from lungs - ANS left atrium inferior chambers, force blood out of heart - ANS ventricles pumps deoxygenated blood to lungs - ANS right ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to body - ANS left ventricle SA - located in right atrium; receives signal to contract (pacemaker for the heart) - ANS sinotrial node transport blood away from heart - ANS arteries transport blood back to heart - ANS veins