BIO 2100 Exam 1 Latest Test
Questions and Correct Answers (2025-
2026) Updated.
Describe the various functions of proteins. - Answer -transport
-storage
-defense (antibodies)
-communication
-movement
-enzymatic
-gene expression
-structure
Describe the effect of pH on protein structure - Answer -will lead to the ionization of amino
acids, thus changing the shape and structure of proteins
if pH decreases the overall charge becomes more positive because the carboxyl groups will
accept excess protons
Describe the effect of pH on protein function - Answer -when the structure is altering due to
the ionization of amino acids, the function is damaged and possibly denatured
Define monomer - Answer single subunit
Define residue - Answer monomers when they are part of a polymer
Define polymer - Answer many monomers linked together
Define peptide - Answer two or more amino acids bonded together (shorter polymer)
Define polypeptide chain - Answer single, unbranched chain of amino acids (full length chain)
Define a protein - Answer fully functional molecule composed of one or several polypeptides
, What is one main purpose of hydrolysis in regards to proteins? - Answer breaks down a
protein when it is no longer needed so the amino acids can be reused
Define a condensation/dehydration reaction - Answer synthesizing a polymer with the use of a
water molecule
Describe the typical location of hydrophobic amino acids within a protein. - Answer on the
interior of the protein
Describe the typical location of hydrophilic amino acids within a protein. - Answer on the
exterior of the protein
Describe the role of chaperone proteins. - Answer proteins that assist the conformational
folding or unfolding and the assembly or disassembly of other macromolecules
What is meant by primary structure of a protein? - Answer sequence of amino acids in a
polypeptide chain
What is meant by secondary structure of a protein? - Answer local regions of a polypeptide
that adopt a common structure
What type of bonds stabilize the secondary structure of a protein? - Answer Hydrogen bonds
What are the two types of secondary structure? - Answer alpha helix and beta pleated sheet
How are R groups oriented in an alpha helix? - Answer pointed outward in order not to disrupt
the alpha helix structure
How are R groups oriented in a beta pleated sheet? - Answer alternate up and down
Describe the tertiary structure of a protein - Answer overall 3D structure of a polypeptide
How is tertiary structure stabilized? - Answer non covalent associations
Questions and Correct Answers (2025-
2026) Updated.
Describe the various functions of proteins. - Answer -transport
-storage
-defense (antibodies)
-communication
-movement
-enzymatic
-gene expression
-structure
Describe the effect of pH on protein structure - Answer -will lead to the ionization of amino
acids, thus changing the shape and structure of proteins
if pH decreases the overall charge becomes more positive because the carboxyl groups will
accept excess protons
Describe the effect of pH on protein function - Answer -when the structure is altering due to
the ionization of amino acids, the function is damaged and possibly denatured
Define monomer - Answer single subunit
Define residue - Answer monomers when they are part of a polymer
Define polymer - Answer many monomers linked together
Define peptide - Answer two or more amino acids bonded together (shorter polymer)
Define polypeptide chain - Answer single, unbranched chain of amino acids (full length chain)
Define a protein - Answer fully functional molecule composed of one or several polypeptides
, What is one main purpose of hydrolysis in regards to proteins? - Answer breaks down a
protein when it is no longer needed so the amino acids can be reused
Define a condensation/dehydration reaction - Answer synthesizing a polymer with the use of a
water molecule
Describe the typical location of hydrophobic amino acids within a protein. - Answer on the
interior of the protein
Describe the typical location of hydrophilic amino acids within a protein. - Answer on the
exterior of the protein
Describe the role of chaperone proteins. - Answer proteins that assist the conformational
folding or unfolding and the assembly or disassembly of other macromolecules
What is meant by primary structure of a protein? - Answer sequence of amino acids in a
polypeptide chain
What is meant by secondary structure of a protein? - Answer local regions of a polypeptide
that adopt a common structure
What type of bonds stabilize the secondary structure of a protein? - Answer Hydrogen bonds
What are the two types of secondary structure? - Answer alpha helix and beta pleated sheet
How are R groups oriented in an alpha helix? - Answer pointed outward in order not to disrupt
the alpha helix structure
How are R groups oriented in a beta pleated sheet? - Answer alternate up and down
Describe the tertiary structure of a protein - Answer overall 3D structure of a polypeptide
How is tertiary structure stabilized? - Answer non covalent associations
