Tuesday 10th September 2024
Unit 1: changing awareness of crime
There are many differing types of crime
White collar (corporate, organised, professional)
Moral
State (human rights)
Individual (hate crime, honour crime, domestic abuse)
Technological (e-crime)
Individual crime
These are crimes committed against an individual
• One (or sometimes more) perpetrator - one victim
• Example: Murder, assault
There are three forms of individual crime we need to cover:
• Domestic abuse
• Honour-based crime
• Hate crime
Analysing domestic abuse
No specific offence of 'domestic abuse"
Can be prosecuted via wide range of other offences, including:
• Murder
•Aftempted murder
• False imprisonment
• Common assault or battery
The Domestic Abuse Act 2021 aims to make prosecution easier
Examples
Emotional abuse
Sexual abuse
Financial abuse
Verbal abuse
Child abuse
Psychological abuse
Threatening or violent behaviour
,Offenders and victims
Victims:
Typically, female in cases of intimate partner abuse
However, moles ares clims too
Can be any age / social class / ethnicity
Children also vulnerable
• to direct abuse
• to witnessing abuse of another
Offenders:
Typically, male in cases of sexual and intimate partner abuse
However, females can be perpetrators
Perpetrators often only commit the crime behind closed doors
This makes offenders hard to identity
Examples
• 2013 - World famous art collector Charles Saatchi cautioned
for assault of wife Nigella Lawson after grabbing her by the
throat in a restaurant
Clare Wood raped, strangled and set alight in her own home by
abusive pariner, George Appleton
• Jordan Worth jailed for seven years in 2018 for the physical
and emotional abuse of her boyfriend and father of her child,
Alex Skeele
Anaysing honour crime
Crimes or incidents committed to protect the honour of a family or
community
• No specific offence for 'So Called Honour Based Abuse' (SCHBA)
Can be prosecuted via wide range of other offences, including:
Murder
Assault
Stalking and harassment
, Examples
Breast flattening
female genital mutilation
forced marriage
honour killing
forced abandonment abroad
marital captivity
acid attacks.
Offenders and victims
Victims:
Typically, young female within family
However, boys and men can be victims
Typically,from within Asian/ African communities
However, this is not always the case
Victimisation can follow individual actions (e.g. marriage refusal, pre-
marital sexual activity)
Victimisation may be culturally routine (e.g. FGM)
Offenders:
• Typically, male family members (father, uncles.
brothers in the case of:
• Marital captivity
• Honour-based killing
Typically, female family members (mother, aunties) in the case of:
• FGM
Exampes
Banaz Mahmod, 20, who was murdered in 2006 by her father and uncle
because she fell in love with a man they disapproved of. She had told the
police on four separate occasions that she feared her family would harm
her
Shafilea Ahmed, whose parents suffocated her with a plastic bag after she
refused to follow a strict Pakistani lifestyle
Both honour crimes and crimes of domestic abuse are common.
23% of women and 11% of men report being the victim of non-sexual
partner abuse (Ministry of Justice, 2013)
However
There is a dark figure of honour-based and domestic crime
There is a low level of public awareness of both honour crimes and crimes
of domestic abuse
Unit 1: changing awareness of crime
There are many differing types of crime
White collar (corporate, organised, professional)
Moral
State (human rights)
Individual (hate crime, honour crime, domestic abuse)
Technological (e-crime)
Individual crime
These are crimes committed against an individual
• One (or sometimes more) perpetrator - one victim
• Example: Murder, assault
There are three forms of individual crime we need to cover:
• Domestic abuse
• Honour-based crime
• Hate crime
Analysing domestic abuse
No specific offence of 'domestic abuse"
Can be prosecuted via wide range of other offences, including:
• Murder
•Aftempted murder
• False imprisonment
• Common assault or battery
The Domestic Abuse Act 2021 aims to make prosecution easier
Examples
Emotional abuse
Sexual abuse
Financial abuse
Verbal abuse
Child abuse
Psychological abuse
Threatening or violent behaviour
,Offenders and victims
Victims:
Typically, female in cases of intimate partner abuse
However, moles ares clims too
Can be any age / social class / ethnicity
Children also vulnerable
• to direct abuse
• to witnessing abuse of another
Offenders:
Typically, male in cases of sexual and intimate partner abuse
However, females can be perpetrators
Perpetrators often only commit the crime behind closed doors
This makes offenders hard to identity
Examples
• 2013 - World famous art collector Charles Saatchi cautioned
for assault of wife Nigella Lawson after grabbing her by the
throat in a restaurant
Clare Wood raped, strangled and set alight in her own home by
abusive pariner, George Appleton
• Jordan Worth jailed for seven years in 2018 for the physical
and emotional abuse of her boyfriend and father of her child,
Alex Skeele
Anaysing honour crime
Crimes or incidents committed to protect the honour of a family or
community
• No specific offence for 'So Called Honour Based Abuse' (SCHBA)
Can be prosecuted via wide range of other offences, including:
Murder
Assault
Stalking and harassment
, Examples
Breast flattening
female genital mutilation
forced marriage
honour killing
forced abandonment abroad
marital captivity
acid attacks.
Offenders and victims
Victims:
Typically, young female within family
However, boys and men can be victims
Typically,from within Asian/ African communities
However, this is not always the case
Victimisation can follow individual actions (e.g. marriage refusal, pre-
marital sexual activity)
Victimisation may be culturally routine (e.g. FGM)
Offenders:
• Typically, male family members (father, uncles.
brothers in the case of:
• Marital captivity
• Honour-based killing
Typically, female family members (mother, aunties) in the case of:
• FGM
Exampes
Banaz Mahmod, 20, who was murdered in 2006 by her father and uncle
because she fell in love with a man they disapproved of. She had told the
police on four separate occasions that she feared her family would harm
her
Shafilea Ahmed, whose parents suffocated her with a plastic bag after she
refused to follow a strict Pakistani lifestyle
Both honour crimes and crimes of domestic abuse are common.
23% of women and 11% of men report being the victim of non-sexual
partner abuse (Ministry of Justice, 2013)
However
There is a dark figure of honour-based and domestic crime
There is a low level of public awareness of both honour crimes and crimes
of domestic abuse
