HESI Exam Questions And Answers With Complete
Solutions
A 12 year old client who had an appendectomy two days ago is
receiving 0.9% normal saline at 50 ml/hour. The client's urine
specific gravity is 1.035. What action should the nurse
implement?
a. Evaluate postural blood pressure measurements
b. Obtain specimen for uranalysis
c. Encourage popsicles and fluids of choice
d. Assess bowel sounds in all quadrants Correct Answers c.
Encourage popsicles and fluids of choice
Rationale: specific gravity of urine is a measurement of
hydration status (normal range of 1.010 to 1.025) which is
indicative of fluid volume deficit when Sp Gr increases as urine
becomes more concentrated.
A 13 years-old client with non-union of a comminuted fracture
of the tibia is admitted with osteomyelitis. The healthcare
provider collects home aspirate specimens for culture and
sensitivity and applies a cast to the adolescent's lower leg. What
action should the nurse implement next?
a. Administer antiemetic agents
b. Bivalve the cast for distal compromise
c. Provide high- calorie, high-protein diet
d. Begin parenteral antibiotic therapy Correct Answers d.
Begin parenteral antibiotic therapy
,Rationale: The standard of treatment for osteomyelitis is
antibiotic therapy and immobilization. After bond and blood
aspirate specimens are obtained for culture and sensitivity, the
nurse should initiate parenteral antibiotics as prescribed.
A 154 pound client with diabetic ketoacidosis is receiving an IV
of normal saline 100 ML with regular insulin 100 units. The
healthcare provider prescribes a rate of 0.1 units/kg/hour. To
deliver the correct dosage, the nurse should set the infusion
pump to Infuse how many ml/hour? enter numeric value only
Correct Answers 7
Rationale: Convert the client's weight to kg, 2.2 pound: 1 kg::
154 pounds: x kg = 154/2.2 = 70kg. Calculate the client infusion
rate, 0.1 x 70 kg = 7 units/hour. Using the formula, D/H x Q = 7
units/hour / 100 units x 100 ml = 7ml / hour
A 56-years-old man shares with the nurse that he is having
difficulty making decision about terminating life support for his
wife. What is the best initial action by the nurse?
a. Provide an opportunity for him to clarify his values related to
the decision
b. Encourage him to share memories about his life with his wife
and family
c. Advise him to seek several opinions before making decision
d. Offer to contact the hospital chaplain or social worker to offer
support. Correct Answers a. Provide an opportunity for him to
clarify his values related to the decision
,A 6 -year-old who has asthma is demonstrating a prolonged
expiratory phase and wheezing, and has 35% personal best peak
expiratory flow rate (PEFR). Based on these finding, which
action should the nurse implement first?
a. Administer a prescribed bronchodilator.
b. Report finding to the healthcare provider.
c. Encourage the child to cough and deep breath
d. Determine what trigger precipitated this attack. Correct
Answers a. Administer a prescribed bronchodilator.
Rationale: If the PEFR is below 50% in as asthmatic child, there
is severe narrowing of the airway, and a bronchodilator should
be administered immediately. B should be implemented after A.
C will not alleviate the symptoms and D is not a priority.
A 60-year-old female client asks the nurse about hormones
replacement therapy (HRT) as a means preventing osteoporosis.
Which factor in the client's history is a possible contraindication
for the use of HRT? Correct Answers Her mother and sister
have a history of breast cancer
Rationale: The patient's history of breast cancer in her family
may be a contraindication for hormone replacement therapy
(HRT) as HRT can increase the risk of breast cancer. Benefits
such as symptom relief and osteoporosis prevention must be
weighed against such risks. A healthcare provider should help
make the decision.
, A child newly diagnosed with sickle cell anemia (SCA) is being
discharged from the hospital. Which information is most
important for the nurse to provide the parents prior to discharge?
a. Instructions about how much fluid the child should drink daily
b. information about non-pharmaceutical pain reliever measures
c. Referral for social services for the child and family
d. Signs of addiction to opioid and medications Correct
Answers a. Instructions about how much fluid the child should
drink daily
Rationale: It is essential that the child and family understands
the importance of adequate hydration in preventing the stasis-
thrombosis-ischemia cycle of a crisis that has a specific plan for
hydration is developed so that a crisis can be delayed. Other
choices listed are not the most important topics to include in the
discharge teaching.
A child with heart failure is receiving the diuretic furosemide
(Lasix) and has serum potassium level 3.0 mEq/L. Which
assessment is most important for the nurse to obtain?
a. Cardiac rhythm and heart rate.
b. Daily intake of foods rich in potassium.
c. Hourly urinary output
d. Thirst ad skin turgor. Correct Answers a. Cardiac rhythm
and heart rate
Rationale: Hypokalemia is a side effect of potassium-wasting
diuretics, such as Lasix, and manifest as muscle weakness,
hypotension, tachycardia, and cardiac dysrhythmias, so changes
Solutions
A 12 year old client who had an appendectomy two days ago is
receiving 0.9% normal saline at 50 ml/hour. The client's urine
specific gravity is 1.035. What action should the nurse
implement?
a. Evaluate postural blood pressure measurements
b. Obtain specimen for uranalysis
c. Encourage popsicles and fluids of choice
d. Assess bowel sounds in all quadrants Correct Answers c.
Encourage popsicles and fluids of choice
Rationale: specific gravity of urine is a measurement of
hydration status (normal range of 1.010 to 1.025) which is
indicative of fluid volume deficit when Sp Gr increases as urine
becomes more concentrated.
A 13 years-old client with non-union of a comminuted fracture
of the tibia is admitted with osteomyelitis. The healthcare
provider collects home aspirate specimens for culture and
sensitivity and applies a cast to the adolescent's lower leg. What
action should the nurse implement next?
a. Administer antiemetic agents
b. Bivalve the cast for distal compromise
c. Provide high- calorie, high-protein diet
d. Begin parenteral antibiotic therapy Correct Answers d.
Begin parenteral antibiotic therapy
,Rationale: The standard of treatment for osteomyelitis is
antibiotic therapy and immobilization. After bond and blood
aspirate specimens are obtained for culture and sensitivity, the
nurse should initiate parenteral antibiotics as prescribed.
A 154 pound client with diabetic ketoacidosis is receiving an IV
of normal saline 100 ML with regular insulin 100 units. The
healthcare provider prescribes a rate of 0.1 units/kg/hour. To
deliver the correct dosage, the nurse should set the infusion
pump to Infuse how many ml/hour? enter numeric value only
Correct Answers 7
Rationale: Convert the client's weight to kg, 2.2 pound: 1 kg::
154 pounds: x kg = 154/2.2 = 70kg. Calculate the client infusion
rate, 0.1 x 70 kg = 7 units/hour. Using the formula, D/H x Q = 7
units/hour / 100 units x 100 ml = 7ml / hour
A 56-years-old man shares with the nurse that he is having
difficulty making decision about terminating life support for his
wife. What is the best initial action by the nurse?
a. Provide an opportunity for him to clarify his values related to
the decision
b. Encourage him to share memories about his life with his wife
and family
c. Advise him to seek several opinions before making decision
d. Offer to contact the hospital chaplain or social worker to offer
support. Correct Answers a. Provide an opportunity for him to
clarify his values related to the decision
,A 6 -year-old who has asthma is demonstrating a prolonged
expiratory phase and wheezing, and has 35% personal best peak
expiratory flow rate (PEFR). Based on these finding, which
action should the nurse implement first?
a. Administer a prescribed bronchodilator.
b. Report finding to the healthcare provider.
c. Encourage the child to cough and deep breath
d. Determine what trigger precipitated this attack. Correct
Answers a. Administer a prescribed bronchodilator.
Rationale: If the PEFR is below 50% in as asthmatic child, there
is severe narrowing of the airway, and a bronchodilator should
be administered immediately. B should be implemented after A.
C will not alleviate the symptoms and D is not a priority.
A 60-year-old female client asks the nurse about hormones
replacement therapy (HRT) as a means preventing osteoporosis.
Which factor in the client's history is a possible contraindication
for the use of HRT? Correct Answers Her mother and sister
have a history of breast cancer
Rationale: The patient's history of breast cancer in her family
may be a contraindication for hormone replacement therapy
(HRT) as HRT can increase the risk of breast cancer. Benefits
such as symptom relief and osteoporosis prevention must be
weighed against such risks. A healthcare provider should help
make the decision.
, A child newly diagnosed with sickle cell anemia (SCA) is being
discharged from the hospital. Which information is most
important for the nurse to provide the parents prior to discharge?
a. Instructions about how much fluid the child should drink daily
b. information about non-pharmaceutical pain reliever measures
c. Referral for social services for the child and family
d. Signs of addiction to opioid and medications Correct
Answers a. Instructions about how much fluid the child should
drink daily
Rationale: It is essential that the child and family understands
the importance of adequate hydration in preventing the stasis-
thrombosis-ischemia cycle of a crisis that has a specific plan for
hydration is developed so that a crisis can be delayed. Other
choices listed are not the most important topics to include in the
discharge teaching.
A child with heart failure is receiving the diuretic furosemide
(Lasix) and has serum potassium level 3.0 mEq/L. Which
assessment is most important for the nurse to obtain?
a. Cardiac rhythm and heart rate.
b. Daily intake of foods rich in potassium.
c. Hourly urinary output
d. Thirst ad skin turgor. Correct Answers a. Cardiac rhythm
and heart rate
Rationale: Hypokalemia is a side effect of potassium-wasting
diuretics, such as Lasix, and manifest as muscle weakness,
hypotension, tachycardia, and cardiac dysrhythmias, so changes
