NUR 355 Exam 4 Study Guide
Bladder cancer pathophysiology
genetic changes in target cells. Target cells are normal cells of
the body that have undergone some alteration, synthesize
abnormal proteins, then undergo malignant changes
Bladder cancer diagnosis
Urine cytology, blood and urine tests, urine cultures, CT scan,
MRI, positron emission tomography, ultrasound
Bladder cancer treatment
surgical removal, radiation, chemotherapy, and immunologic
agents
Bladder cancer complications
•Bleeding
•Pain
•Chemotherapy side effects
Bladder cancer nursing diagnoses
alteration in elimination pattern assocaited with the effects of
treatment on a continuum from irritative symptoms to
reconstruction of the urinary tract
Nursing interventions for bladder cancer
vital signs, urinalysis
Nursing actions for bladder cancer
,administer medications as ordered, chemotherapy, continuous
bladder irrigation (CBI), accurate I&O
Nursing teaching for bladder cancer
bladder cancer, treatment and outcome
Bladder cancer evaluation
disease-free, or symptom controlled, and is aware of the
treatment course and options; anxiety is at an acceptable level as
self-reported or reported by significant others
Menopause pathophysiology
estrogen production declines
Assessment/clinical manifestations of menopause
History, vital signs, menstrual calendar, weight, decreased
estrogen results in hot flashes, menstruation become irregular
and disappear, bone loss, osteoporosis, increased fracture risk,
central weight gain
Nursing problems of menopause
fatigue, impaired memory, sexual dysfunction
Nursing actions for menopause
administer estrogen/progesterone as ordered
Nursing teachings for menopause
medications, calcium and vitamin D intake
Menopause evaluation
, healthy weight, regular exercise, calcium and vitamin D
supplements
What is follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)?
a hormone produced in the pituitary gland that stimulates the
ovary to develop a mature oocyte
What is a luteinizing hormone (LH)
A hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that regulates
ovulation in females and tells the ovaries to release a mature
egg. In males causes the testes to produce testosterone and
androgen
HPV pathophysiology
carries highest risk for developing cancer
Assessment/clinical manifestation of HPV
History, vital signs, focused genital assessment, can be
asymptomatic or cause genital warts
Nursing problems of HPV
pain, self-esteem
Nursing teachings for HPV
vaccinations between ages 15-26, annual pap test
Syphillis treatment
first line of treatment is penicillin. If allergic to penicillin, may
be prescribed doxycycline. If not treated, can progress and cause
death.
Bladder cancer pathophysiology
genetic changes in target cells. Target cells are normal cells of
the body that have undergone some alteration, synthesize
abnormal proteins, then undergo malignant changes
Bladder cancer diagnosis
Urine cytology, blood and urine tests, urine cultures, CT scan,
MRI, positron emission tomography, ultrasound
Bladder cancer treatment
surgical removal, radiation, chemotherapy, and immunologic
agents
Bladder cancer complications
•Bleeding
•Pain
•Chemotherapy side effects
Bladder cancer nursing diagnoses
alteration in elimination pattern assocaited with the effects of
treatment on a continuum from irritative symptoms to
reconstruction of the urinary tract
Nursing interventions for bladder cancer
vital signs, urinalysis
Nursing actions for bladder cancer
,administer medications as ordered, chemotherapy, continuous
bladder irrigation (CBI), accurate I&O
Nursing teaching for bladder cancer
bladder cancer, treatment and outcome
Bladder cancer evaluation
disease-free, or symptom controlled, and is aware of the
treatment course and options; anxiety is at an acceptable level as
self-reported or reported by significant others
Menopause pathophysiology
estrogen production declines
Assessment/clinical manifestations of menopause
History, vital signs, menstrual calendar, weight, decreased
estrogen results in hot flashes, menstruation become irregular
and disappear, bone loss, osteoporosis, increased fracture risk,
central weight gain
Nursing problems of menopause
fatigue, impaired memory, sexual dysfunction
Nursing actions for menopause
administer estrogen/progesterone as ordered
Nursing teachings for menopause
medications, calcium and vitamin D intake
Menopause evaluation
, healthy weight, regular exercise, calcium and vitamin D
supplements
What is follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)?
a hormone produced in the pituitary gland that stimulates the
ovary to develop a mature oocyte
What is a luteinizing hormone (LH)
A hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that regulates
ovulation in females and tells the ovaries to release a mature
egg. In males causes the testes to produce testosterone and
androgen
HPV pathophysiology
carries highest risk for developing cancer
Assessment/clinical manifestation of HPV
History, vital signs, focused genital assessment, can be
asymptomatic or cause genital warts
Nursing problems of HPV
pain, self-esteem
Nursing teachings for HPV
vaccinations between ages 15-26, annual pap test
Syphillis treatment
first line of treatment is penicillin. If allergic to penicillin, may
be prescribed doxycycline. If not treated, can progress and cause
death.
