SAFE 412 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
EHS is a sunk cost to the organization - Answers - Why are EHS professionals not
liked in workplace
An ever changing condition in which one attempts to minimize the risk of injury, illness,
or property damage from hazards - Answers - Definition: Safety
Source with a potential to cause injury - Answers - Hazard
Acts as a linking event between hazard and injury/illness - Answers - Unsafe act
Incident (near miss): undesired event that, under different circumstances, could have
resulted in personal hard or property damage
Accident: unplanned and injurious or damagng event which interrupts the normal
progress of an activity, preceded by an unsafe action - Answers - Incident vs accident
Set of interrelated or interacting elements of an organization to establish policies and
objectives and processes to achieve those objectives - Answers - Management
System (ISO-45001)
Management system or part of a management system used to achieve the OH&S policy
- Answers - OH&S Management System (ISO-45001)
Unsafe Acts and Unsafe conditions
what causes unsafe acts to occur? : faulty management
or management systems - Answers - Near cause of accidents
Know difference of approaches - Answers - Approaches
Key point: safety performance can be measured by degree of compliance with
regulations
advantage: easy to understand expectations
disadvantage: hazards can still exist that are not covered by regulations - Answers -
Regulatory Compliance Approach
Key point: decisions can be reduced to cost/benefit determinations
advantage: approach speaks in language of managers ($$)
, disadvantage: indirect cost of accidents are difficult to determine - Answers - Loss-
Prevention/Control Approach
Key point: there is an acceptable level of risk (MANAGEMENT + REGULATIONS) > this
level of risk varies among organizations
advantage: more flexible than loss prevention approach in terms of its end goal > its not
just about saving money. its about enhancing reputation, etc.
disadvantage: risk tends to be more qualitative (subjective). = hard to come up with
solid numbers - Answers - Risk-Based Safety Approach
"Control the system"
Key point: efficiency (productivity), quality, and safety are on the same playing field. =
theres something wrong with the processes if deviations/accidents occur.
advantage: safety becomes part of the business culture, strongly embraces continual
improvement
disadvantage: hard to change culture, takes commitment and time - Answers - Quality-
Based Safety Approach
Time is the reason this is hard
Key points: unsafe behaviors lead to incidents and accidents
advantages: statistics support the notion that unsafe workers behaviors are the leading
cause of accidents.
disadvantages: behavior is hard to change: MODEL DOES NOT TYPICALLY
ADDRESS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM DEFICIENCIES - Answers - Behavior-Based
Safety Approach
Key point: error prone conditions and organization deficiencies lead to human error
Advantages: error prone conditions are observable, predictable, and controllable
Disadvantages: too much emphasis on these error prone conditions versus why these
error prone conditions are allowed - Answers - Human Performance Approach
Key point: by controlling management systems you become more safe, by continually
improving systems you reduce risk.
advantages: you can "institutionalize" safety through issuance of directives (procedures)
EHS is a sunk cost to the organization - Answers - Why are EHS professionals not
liked in workplace
An ever changing condition in which one attempts to minimize the risk of injury, illness,
or property damage from hazards - Answers - Definition: Safety
Source with a potential to cause injury - Answers - Hazard
Acts as a linking event between hazard and injury/illness - Answers - Unsafe act
Incident (near miss): undesired event that, under different circumstances, could have
resulted in personal hard or property damage
Accident: unplanned and injurious or damagng event which interrupts the normal
progress of an activity, preceded by an unsafe action - Answers - Incident vs accident
Set of interrelated or interacting elements of an organization to establish policies and
objectives and processes to achieve those objectives - Answers - Management
System (ISO-45001)
Management system or part of a management system used to achieve the OH&S policy
- Answers - OH&S Management System (ISO-45001)
Unsafe Acts and Unsafe conditions
what causes unsafe acts to occur? : faulty management
or management systems - Answers - Near cause of accidents
Know difference of approaches - Answers - Approaches
Key point: safety performance can be measured by degree of compliance with
regulations
advantage: easy to understand expectations
disadvantage: hazards can still exist that are not covered by regulations - Answers -
Regulatory Compliance Approach
Key point: decisions can be reduced to cost/benefit determinations
advantage: approach speaks in language of managers ($$)
, disadvantage: indirect cost of accidents are difficult to determine - Answers - Loss-
Prevention/Control Approach
Key point: there is an acceptable level of risk (MANAGEMENT + REGULATIONS) > this
level of risk varies among organizations
advantage: more flexible than loss prevention approach in terms of its end goal > its not
just about saving money. its about enhancing reputation, etc.
disadvantage: risk tends to be more qualitative (subjective). = hard to come up with
solid numbers - Answers - Risk-Based Safety Approach
"Control the system"
Key point: efficiency (productivity), quality, and safety are on the same playing field. =
theres something wrong with the processes if deviations/accidents occur.
advantage: safety becomes part of the business culture, strongly embraces continual
improvement
disadvantage: hard to change culture, takes commitment and time - Answers - Quality-
Based Safety Approach
Time is the reason this is hard
Key points: unsafe behaviors lead to incidents and accidents
advantages: statistics support the notion that unsafe workers behaviors are the leading
cause of accidents.
disadvantages: behavior is hard to change: MODEL DOES NOT TYPICALLY
ADDRESS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM DEFICIENCIES - Answers - Behavior-Based
Safety Approach
Key point: error prone conditions and organization deficiencies lead to human error
Advantages: error prone conditions are observable, predictable, and controllable
Disadvantages: too much emphasis on these error prone conditions versus why these
error prone conditions are allowed - Answers - Human Performance Approach
Key point: by controlling management systems you become more safe, by continually
improving systems you reduce risk.
advantages: you can "institutionalize" safety through issuance of directives (procedures)
