7/21/25, 8:23
PM
SPEA-V 184 EXAM 3 ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE GRADED A++
2025/2026
Terms in this set (122)
Tort civil wrong that causes harm to person or
property; must be verifiable harm
Negligence duty, failure of the defendant to conform
(breach), injury (damages)
Tort reform proposed changes in civil justice
system that would reduce tort
litigation or damages; procedural
limits on ability to file claims and
cap damages
Compensatory plaintiff with the monetary amount
damages necessary to replace what was lost
and nothing more
Punitive damages defendant's conduct is found
especially reprehensible; punish
defendant's conduct and deter,
plaintiffs do not keep punitive
1/
13
, 7/21/25, 8:23
PM
damages
Strict liability liability without fault, developed in
cases of persons who gained
personal benefit from unsafe and
dangerous situations; ultra-
hazardous or abnormally dangerous
Gross negligence voluntary disregard of the need to
use reasonable care, likely to cause
foreseeable injury; can result in
award of punitive damages
Negligence per se violation of statute designed to
protect the public; main basis of
liability; standard of care is set by
statute
Escola v. Coca Cola Justice Traynor's Concurrence:
Manufacture has liability when a
product is placed on the market
knowing it will be used without
inspection
Palsgraf v. Long Cannot be held liable for actions that
Island Railroad cannot be held reasonably foreseen
Case-in-fact But-for test, not used in the modern legal
system
Proximate cause relationship between the negligent
act and the infliction of damages,
2/
13
PM
SPEA-V 184 EXAM 3 ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE GRADED A++
2025/2026
Terms in this set (122)
Tort civil wrong that causes harm to person or
property; must be verifiable harm
Negligence duty, failure of the defendant to conform
(breach), injury (damages)
Tort reform proposed changes in civil justice
system that would reduce tort
litigation or damages; procedural
limits on ability to file claims and
cap damages
Compensatory plaintiff with the monetary amount
damages necessary to replace what was lost
and nothing more
Punitive damages defendant's conduct is found
especially reprehensible; punish
defendant's conduct and deter,
plaintiffs do not keep punitive
1/
13
, 7/21/25, 8:23
PM
damages
Strict liability liability without fault, developed in
cases of persons who gained
personal benefit from unsafe and
dangerous situations; ultra-
hazardous or abnormally dangerous
Gross negligence voluntary disregard of the need to
use reasonable care, likely to cause
foreseeable injury; can result in
award of punitive damages
Negligence per se violation of statute designed to
protect the public; main basis of
liability; standard of care is set by
statute
Escola v. Coca Cola Justice Traynor's Concurrence:
Manufacture has liability when a
product is placed on the market
knowing it will be used without
inspection
Palsgraf v. Long Cannot be held liable for actions that
Island Railroad cannot be held reasonably foreseen
Case-in-fact But-for test, not used in the modern legal
system
Proximate cause relationship between the negligent
act and the infliction of damages,
2/
13
