decisions that not only have life-altering consequences for patients but also raise profound moral questions. These
issues include:#### 2.1 **Patient Autonomy and Informed Consent**One of the fundamental ethical principles in
healthcare is respect for patient autonomy—the right of patients to make decisions about their own bodies and
medical treatments. This principle is enshrined in the legal concept of informed consent. Informed consent requires
healthcare providers to disclose all relevant information about the risks, benefits, and alternatives to a medical ethic
Fundamentals for Nursing
REVIEW MODULE EDITION 10.0
Contributors Consultants
Christi Blair, DNP, RN
Honey C. Holman, MSN, RN
Tracey Bousquet, BSN, RN
Debborah Williams, MSN, RN
Jenni L. Hoffman, DNP,
Sheryl Sommer PhD, RN, CNE FNP-C, CLNC, FAANP
Janean Johnson, MSN, RN CNE Mary Jane Janowski, RN, MA
Brenda S. Ball, MEd, BSN, RN Jessica L. Johnson DNP, MSN, BSN, RN
Cindy Morris, DNP, RN, IBCLC Lisa Kongable, MA, ARNP,
PMHCNS, CNE
Peggy Leehy MSN, RN
Tomekia Luckett, PhD, RN
Robin Hertel, EdS, MSN, RN, CMSRN
Maria Sheilla Membrebe, MSN/Ed.,
RN, ONC, CMSRN, CBN
I
, INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY NOTICE
ATI Nursing is a division of Assessment Technologies Institute®, LLC.
The reproduction of this work in any electronic, mechanical or other means, now known or hereafter
invented, is forbidden without the written permission of Assessment Technologies Institute, LLC. All of the
content in this publication, including, for example, the cover, all of the page headers, images, illustrations,
graphics, and text, are subject to trademark, service mark, trade dress, copyright, and/or other intellectual
property rights or licenses held by Assessment Technologies Institute, LLC, one of its affiliates, or by
third parties who have licensed their materials to Assessment Technologies Institute, LLC.
REPRINTED APRIL 2021
decisions that not only have life-altering consequences for patients but also raise profound moral questions. These
issues include:#### 2.1 **Patient Autonomy and Informed Consent**One of the fundamental ethical principles in
healthcare is respect for patient autonomy—the right of patients to make decisions about their own bodies and
medical treatments. This principle is enshrined in the legal concept of informed consent. Informed consent requires
healthcare providers to disclose all relevant information about the risks, benefits, and alternatives to a medical
treatment or procedure, allowing patients to make informed decisions.However, challenges arise when patients are
not fully capable of making informed decisions (e.g., due to age, mental illness, or language barriers). In such cases,
ethical
Director of content review: Kristen Lawler
Director of development: Derek Prater
Project management: Tiflany Pavlik, Shannon Tierney
Coordination of content review: Honey C. Holman, Debborah Williams
Copy editing: Kelly Von Lunen, Bethany Phillips, Kya Rodgers
Layout: Spring Lenox, Maureen Bradshaw, Bethany Phillips
Illustrations: Randi Hardy
Online media: Brant Stacy, Ron Hanson, Britney Fuller, Barry Wilson
Cover design: Jason Buck
Interior book design: Spring Lenox
IMPORTANT NOTICE TO THE READER
Assessment Technologies Institute, LLC, is the publisher of this publication. The content of this publication is for
iVformatioVal aVd eduCatioVal purposes oVly aVd may be modified or updated by the publisher at aVy time. This
publication is not providing medical advice and is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice,
diagnosis, or treatment. The publisher has designed this publication to provide accurate information regarding the
subject matter covered; however, the publisher is not responsible for errors, omissions, or for any outcomes related to
the use of the contents of this book and makes no guarantee and assumes no responsibility or liability for the use of the
produCts aVd proCedures desCribed or the CorreCtVess, suffiCieVCy, or CompleteVess of stated iVformatioV, opiVioVs, or
reCommeVdatioVs. The publisher does Vot reCommeVd or eVdorse aVy speCifiC tests, providers, produCts, proCedures,
proCesses, opiVioVs, or other iVformatioV that may be meVtioVed iV this publiCatioV. TreatmeVts aVd side effeCts desCribed
iV this book may Vot be appliCable to all people; likewise, some people may require a dose or experieVCe a side effeCt
that is not described herein. Drugs and medical devices are discussed that may have limited availability controlled by
the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use only in a research study or clinical trial. Research, clinical practice,
aVd goverVmeVt regulatioVs ofteV ChaVge the aCCepted staVdard iV this field. WheV CoVsideratioV is beiVg giveV to use
of any drug in the clinical setting, the health care provider or reader is responsible for determining FDA status of the
drug, reading the package insert, and reviewing prescribing information for the most up-to-date recommendations
on dose, precautions, and contraindications and determining the appropriate usage for the product. Any references
, in this book to procedures to be employed when rendering emergency care to the sick and injured are provided solely
as a general guide. Other or additional safety measures may be required under particular circumstances. This book
is not intended as a statement of the standards of care required in any particular situation, because circumstances
and a patient’s physical condition can vary widely from one emergency to another. Nor is it intended that this book
shall in any way advise personnel concerning legal authority to perform the activities or procedures discussed. Such
speCifiC determiVatioV should be made oVly with the aid of legal CouVsel. Some images iV this book feature models.
These models do not necessarily endorse, represent, or participate in the activities represented in the images. THE
PUBLISHER MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WITH
RESPECT TO THE CONTENT HEREIN. THIS PUBLICATION IS PROVIDED AS-IS, AND THE PUBLISHER AND ITS AFFILIATES
SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY ACTUAL, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE, OR EXEMPLARY
DAMAGES RESULTING, IN WHOLE OR IN PART, FROM THE READER’S USE OF, OR RELIANCE UPON, SUCH CONTENT.
User’s Guide
Welcome to the Assessment Technologies Institute® ACTIVE LEARNING SCENARIOS
Fundamentals for Nursing Review Module Edition 10.0. AND APPLICATION EXERCISES
The mission of ATI’s Content Mastery Series® Review
Each chapter includes opportunities for you to test your
Modules is to provide user-friendly compendiums of
knowledge and to practice applying that knowledge. Active
nursing knowledge that will:
Learning Scenario exercises pose a nursing scenario and
● Help you locate important information quickly.
● Assist iV your learViVg efforts.
then direct you to use an ATI Active Learning Template
(included at the back of this book) to record the important
● Provide exercises for applying your nursing knowledge.
knowledge a nurse should apply to the scenario. An
● Facilitate your entry into the nursing profession as a
example is then provided to which you can compare your
newly licensed nurse.
completed Active Learning Template. The Application
This newest edition of the Review Modules has been
Exercises include NCLEX-style questions (multiple-
redesigned to optimize your learning experience. We’ve
choice and multiple-select items), providing you with
fit more CoVteVt iVto less spaCe aVd have doVe so iV a
opportunities to practice answering the kinds of questions
way that will make it eveV easier for you to fiVd aVd
you might expect to see on ATI assessments or the NCLEX.
understand the information you need.
After the Application Exercises, an answer key is provided,
along with rationales.
ORGANIZATION
This Review Module is organized into units covering the NCLEX® CONNECTIONS
NCLEX® major client needs categories: Safe, EffeCtive Care
To prepare for the NCLEX, it is important to understand
Environment, Health Promotion, Psychosocial Integrity,
how the content in this Review Module is connected to
and Physiological Integrity. Chapters within these
the NCLEX test plaV. You CaV fiVd iVformatioV oV the
units conform to one of four organizing principles for
detailed test plan at the National Council of State Boards
presenting the content.
of Nursing’s website, www.ncsbn.org. When reviewing
● Nursing concepts
content in this Review Module, regularly ask yourself,
● Growth and development
“How does this CoVteVt fit iVto the test plaV, aVd what
● Procedures
types of questions related to this content should I expect?”
● System Disorders
To help you in this process, we’ve included NCLEX
NutritioVal CoVsideratioVs for speCifiC Nursing concepts
Connections at the beginning of each unit and with each
chapters begin with an overview describing the central
question in the Application Exercises Answer Keys. The
concept and its relevance to nursing. Subordinate themes
NCLEX Connections at the beginning of each unit point
are covered in outline form to demonstrate relationships
out areas of the detailed test plan that relate to the content
and present the information in a clear, succinct manner.
within that unit. The NCLEX Connections attached to the
Application Exercises Answer Keys demonstrate how each
NutritioVal CoVsideratioVs for speCifiC Growth and
exerCise fits withiV the detailed CoVteVt outliVe.
development chapters cover expected growth and
These NCLEX Connections will help you understand how
development, including physical and psychosocial
the detailed content outline is organized, starting with
development, age-appropriate activities, and health
major client needs categories and subcategories and
promotion, including immunizations, health screenings,
followed by related content areas and tasks. The major
nutrition, and injury prevention.
client needs categories are:
● Safe aVd EffeCtive Care EVviroVmeVt
Procedures chapters include an overview describing ◯ Management of Care
the procedure(s) covered in the chapter. These ◯ Safety and Infection Control
chapters provide nursing knowledge relevant to each ● Health Promotion and Maintenance
procedure, including indications, nursing considerations, ● Psychosocial Integrity
iVterpretatioV of fiVdiVgs, aVd Complications. ● Physiological Integrity
, ◯ Basic Care and Comfort
◯ Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies
◯ Reduction of Risk Potential
◯ Physiological Adaptation
An NCLEX Connection might, for example, alert you that
content within a unit is related to:
● Basic Care and Comfort
◯ Assistive Devices
■ Assess client use of assistive devices.
issues include:#### 2.1 **Patient Autonomy and Informed Consent**One of the fundamental ethical principles in
healthcare is respect for patient autonomy—the right of patients to make decisions about their own bodies and
medical treatments. This principle is enshrined in the legal concept of informed consent. Informed consent requires
healthcare providers to disclose all relevant information about the risks, benefits, and alternatives to a medical ethic
Fundamentals for Nursing
REVIEW MODULE EDITION 10.0
Contributors Consultants
Christi Blair, DNP, RN
Honey C. Holman, MSN, RN
Tracey Bousquet, BSN, RN
Debborah Williams, MSN, RN
Jenni L. Hoffman, DNP,
Sheryl Sommer PhD, RN, CNE FNP-C, CLNC, FAANP
Janean Johnson, MSN, RN CNE Mary Jane Janowski, RN, MA
Brenda S. Ball, MEd, BSN, RN Jessica L. Johnson DNP, MSN, BSN, RN
Cindy Morris, DNP, RN, IBCLC Lisa Kongable, MA, ARNP,
PMHCNS, CNE
Peggy Leehy MSN, RN
Tomekia Luckett, PhD, RN
Robin Hertel, EdS, MSN, RN, CMSRN
Maria Sheilla Membrebe, MSN/Ed.,
RN, ONC, CMSRN, CBN
I
, INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY NOTICE
ATI Nursing is a division of Assessment Technologies Institute®, LLC.
The reproduction of this work in any electronic, mechanical or other means, now known or hereafter
invented, is forbidden without the written permission of Assessment Technologies Institute, LLC. All of the
content in this publication, including, for example, the cover, all of the page headers, images, illustrations,
graphics, and text, are subject to trademark, service mark, trade dress, copyright, and/or other intellectual
property rights or licenses held by Assessment Technologies Institute, LLC, one of its affiliates, or by
third parties who have licensed their materials to Assessment Technologies Institute, LLC.
REPRINTED APRIL 2021
decisions that not only have life-altering consequences for patients but also raise profound moral questions. These
issues include:#### 2.1 **Patient Autonomy and Informed Consent**One of the fundamental ethical principles in
healthcare is respect for patient autonomy—the right of patients to make decisions about their own bodies and
medical treatments. This principle is enshrined in the legal concept of informed consent. Informed consent requires
healthcare providers to disclose all relevant information about the risks, benefits, and alternatives to a medical
treatment or procedure, allowing patients to make informed decisions.However, challenges arise when patients are
not fully capable of making informed decisions (e.g., due to age, mental illness, or language barriers). In such cases,
ethical
Director of content review: Kristen Lawler
Director of development: Derek Prater
Project management: Tiflany Pavlik, Shannon Tierney
Coordination of content review: Honey C. Holman, Debborah Williams
Copy editing: Kelly Von Lunen, Bethany Phillips, Kya Rodgers
Layout: Spring Lenox, Maureen Bradshaw, Bethany Phillips
Illustrations: Randi Hardy
Online media: Brant Stacy, Ron Hanson, Britney Fuller, Barry Wilson
Cover design: Jason Buck
Interior book design: Spring Lenox
IMPORTANT NOTICE TO THE READER
Assessment Technologies Institute, LLC, is the publisher of this publication. The content of this publication is for
iVformatioVal aVd eduCatioVal purposes oVly aVd may be modified or updated by the publisher at aVy time. This
publication is not providing medical advice and is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice,
diagnosis, or treatment. The publisher has designed this publication to provide accurate information regarding the
subject matter covered; however, the publisher is not responsible for errors, omissions, or for any outcomes related to
the use of the contents of this book and makes no guarantee and assumes no responsibility or liability for the use of the
produCts aVd proCedures desCribed or the CorreCtVess, suffiCieVCy, or CompleteVess of stated iVformatioV, opiVioVs, or
reCommeVdatioVs. The publisher does Vot reCommeVd or eVdorse aVy speCifiC tests, providers, produCts, proCedures,
proCesses, opiVioVs, or other iVformatioV that may be meVtioVed iV this publiCatioV. TreatmeVts aVd side effeCts desCribed
iV this book may Vot be appliCable to all people; likewise, some people may require a dose or experieVCe a side effeCt
that is not described herein. Drugs and medical devices are discussed that may have limited availability controlled by
the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use only in a research study or clinical trial. Research, clinical practice,
aVd goverVmeVt regulatioVs ofteV ChaVge the aCCepted staVdard iV this field. WheV CoVsideratioV is beiVg giveV to use
of any drug in the clinical setting, the health care provider or reader is responsible for determining FDA status of the
drug, reading the package insert, and reviewing prescribing information for the most up-to-date recommendations
on dose, precautions, and contraindications and determining the appropriate usage for the product. Any references
, in this book to procedures to be employed when rendering emergency care to the sick and injured are provided solely
as a general guide. Other or additional safety measures may be required under particular circumstances. This book
is not intended as a statement of the standards of care required in any particular situation, because circumstances
and a patient’s physical condition can vary widely from one emergency to another. Nor is it intended that this book
shall in any way advise personnel concerning legal authority to perform the activities or procedures discussed. Such
speCifiC determiVatioV should be made oVly with the aid of legal CouVsel. Some images iV this book feature models.
These models do not necessarily endorse, represent, or participate in the activities represented in the images. THE
PUBLISHER MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WITH
RESPECT TO THE CONTENT HEREIN. THIS PUBLICATION IS PROVIDED AS-IS, AND THE PUBLISHER AND ITS AFFILIATES
SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY ACTUAL, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE, OR EXEMPLARY
DAMAGES RESULTING, IN WHOLE OR IN PART, FROM THE READER’S USE OF, OR RELIANCE UPON, SUCH CONTENT.
User’s Guide
Welcome to the Assessment Technologies Institute® ACTIVE LEARNING SCENARIOS
Fundamentals for Nursing Review Module Edition 10.0. AND APPLICATION EXERCISES
The mission of ATI’s Content Mastery Series® Review
Each chapter includes opportunities for you to test your
Modules is to provide user-friendly compendiums of
knowledge and to practice applying that knowledge. Active
nursing knowledge that will:
Learning Scenario exercises pose a nursing scenario and
● Help you locate important information quickly.
● Assist iV your learViVg efforts.
then direct you to use an ATI Active Learning Template
(included at the back of this book) to record the important
● Provide exercises for applying your nursing knowledge.
knowledge a nurse should apply to the scenario. An
● Facilitate your entry into the nursing profession as a
example is then provided to which you can compare your
newly licensed nurse.
completed Active Learning Template. The Application
This newest edition of the Review Modules has been
Exercises include NCLEX-style questions (multiple-
redesigned to optimize your learning experience. We’ve
choice and multiple-select items), providing you with
fit more CoVteVt iVto less spaCe aVd have doVe so iV a
opportunities to practice answering the kinds of questions
way that will make it eveV easier for you to fiVd aVd
you might expect to see on ATI assessments or the NCLEX.
understand the information you need.
After the Application Exercises, an answer key is provided,
along with rationales.
ORGANIZATION
This Review Module is organized into units covering the NCLEX® CONNECTIONS
NCLEX® major client needs categories: Safe, EffeCtive Care
To prepare for the NCLEX, it is important to understand
Environment, Health Promotion, Psychosocial Integrity,
how the content in this Review Module is connected to
and Physiological Integrity. Chapters within these
the NCLEX test plaV. You CaV fiVd iVformatioV oV the
units conform to one of four organizing principles for
detailed test plan at the National Council of State Boards
presenting the content.
of Nursing’s website, www.ncsbn.org. When reviewing
● Nursing concepts
content in this Review Module, regularly ask yourself,
● Growth and development
“How does this CoVteVt fit iVto the test plaV, aVd what
● Procedures
types of questions related to this content should I expect?”
● System Disorders
To help you in this process, we’ve included NCLEX
NutritioVal CoVsideratioVs for speCifiC Nursing concepts
Connections at the beginning of each unit and with each
chapters begin with an overview describing the central
question in the Application Exercises Answer Keys. The
concept and its relevance to nursing. Subordinate themes
NCLEX Connections at the beginning of each unit point
are covered in outline form to demonstrate relationships
out areas of the detailed test plan that relate to the content
and present the information in a clear, succinct manner.
within that unit. The NCLEX Connections attached to the
Application Exercises Answer Keys demonstrate how each
NutritioVal CoVsideratioVs for speCifiC Growth and
exerCise fits withiV the detailed CoVteVt outliVe.
development chapters cover expected growth and
These NCLEX Connections will help you understand how
development, including physical and psychosocial
the detailed content outline is organized, starting with
development, age-appropriate activities, and health
major client needs categories and subcategories and
promotion, including immunizations, health screenings,
followed by related content areas and tasks. The major
nutrition, and injury prevention.
client needs categories are:
● Safe aVd EffeCtive Care EVviroVmeVt
Procedures chapters include an overview describing ◯ Management of Care
the procedure(s) covered in the chapter. These ◯ Safety and Infection Control
chapters provide nursing knowledge relevant to each ● Health Promotion and Maintenance
procedure, including indications, nursing considerations, ● Psychosocial Integrity
iVterpretatioV of fiVdiVgs, aVd Complications. ● Physiological Integrity
, ◯ Basic Care and Comfort
◯ Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies
◯ Reduction of Risk Potential
◯ Physiological Adaptation
An NCLEX Connection might, for example, alert you that
content within a unit is related to:
● Basic Care and Comfort
◯ Assistive Devices
■ Assess client use of assistive devices.
