NR 507 CARDIOVASCULAR EXAM WITH
CORRECT QUESTIONS AND ANSWES
2025
Cardiovascular disorders - CORRECT-ANSWERSCardiovascular disorders
are prevalent in primary care. Many of the disorders develop over several
years, due to the risk factors to which individuals have been exposed. For
each disorder covered in this unit, a discussion of risk factors will be
included. For the concepts covered below, clinical application of each disease
will be provided so that students can understand the importance of
pathophysiology in diagnosing and treating the disease.
Prerequisite knowledge:
For this content, you should have a basic knowledge of cardiac anatomy;
know the differences between the right and left sides of the heart, in terms
of structure and function. You should also possess solid knowledge of the
unidirectional blood flow through the heart. For example, deoxygenated
blood arrives to the right side of the heart, travels to the pulmonary arteries
to release CO2 and pick up oxygen. At this point, the oxygenated blood is
carried from the lungs through the pulmonary veins to the left side of the
heart where it eventually reaches the aorta to carry oxygenated blood out to
the body organs. The cellular physiology related to cardiac contraction is
another important basic concept to know, as electrolytes (sodium, potassium
, and calcium) play a major role in muscle contraction. Finally, the concepts of
preload, afterload, and contractility are essential to understand, as all of
these can be affected in some way when a person has cardiovascular
disease.
What is Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)? - CORRECT-ANSWERSCAD is
considered the leading cause of death in the United States (U.S.). It is the
result of longstanding atherosclerosis.
Atherosclerosis begins with damage to the endothelium. It is the
endothelium, under normal functioning that maintains balance between the
vasoconstrictive and vasodilation actions, prevents platelets from
aggregating and control of the production of fibrin. When the endothelium
becomes damaged, our familiar inflammatory processes occur. Macrophages
attach to the endothelium, setting up phagocytosis; plaque formation and
vasoconstriction also occurs marking the beginning of atherosclerosis. The
plaque lesions located in the vessels become enlarged which allows the
plaque to progress within the enlarged vessel lumen. The plaque lesion
disrupts normal blood flow and causes thrombus formation which can be
triggered by cardiac risk factors such as elevated LDL, cholesterol, smoking
and diabetes.
So, why is this a problem?
CORRECT QUESTIONS AND ANSWES
2025
Cardiovascular disorders - CORRECT-ANSWERSCardiovascular disorders
are prevalent in primary care. Many of the disorders develop over several
years, due to the risk factors to which individuals have been exposed. For
each disorder covered in this unit, a discussion of risk factors will be
included. For the concepts covered below, clinical application of each disease
will be provided so that students can understand the importance of
pathophysiology in diagnosing and treating the disease.
Prerequisite knowledge:
For this content, you should have a basic knowledge of cardiac anatomy;
know the differences between the right and left sides of the heart, in terms
of structure and function. You should also possess solid knowledge of the
unidirectional blood flow through the heart. For example, deoxygenated
blood arrives to the right side of the heart, travels to the pulmonary arteries
to release CO2 and pick up oxygen. At this point, the oxygenated blood is
carried from the lungs through the pulmonary veins to the left side of the
heart where it eventually reaches the aorta to carry oxygenated blood out to
the body organs. The cellular physiology related to cardiac contraction is
another important basic concept to know, as electrolytes (sodium, potassium
, and calcium) play a major role in muscle contraction. Finally, the concepts of
preload, afterload, and contractility are essential to understand, as all of
these can be affected in some way when a person has cardiovascular
disease.
What is Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)? - CORRECT-ANSWERSCAD is
considered the leading cause of death in the United States (U.S.). It is the
result of longstanding atherosclerosis.
Atherosclerosis begins with damage to the endothelium. It is the
endothelium, under normal functioning that maintains balance between the
vasoconstrictive and vasodilation actions, prevents platelets from
aggregating and control of the production of fibrin. When the endothelium
becomes damaged, our familiar inflammatory processes occur. Macrophages
attach to the endothelium, setting up phagocytosis; plaque formation and
vasoconstriction also occurs marking the beginning of atherosclerosis. The
plaque lesions located in the vessels become enlarged which allows the
plaque to progress within the enlarged vessel lumen. The plaque lesion
disrupts normal blood flow and causes thrombus formation which can be
triggered by cardiac risk factors such as elevated LDL, cholesterol, smoking
and diabetes.
So, why is this a problem?
