Communication Processes, Principles, & Ethics Communication does not guarantee a direct or
automatic link between two minds.
What is Communication Knowledge only becomes meaningful when you initiate to
communicate them to others.
Communication in Nature
Communication is Active, Powerful, Forceful
We, humans, are a naturally social beings, we feel an
intense need to express our thoughts, feelings, Active
aspirations, doubts, questions, and fears. This is our Engages both the speaker and the listener
instrument for human interaction.
Powerful and Forceful
Etymology
Elicits different meanings and reactions
The English word 'communication' has been derived from
the Latin word, ‘communicare' which means to impart or Nothing remains permanent or fixed in the world of
participate or to transmit. The word ‘communicare' is communication
derived from the root ‘communis' which means to make
Communication is Symbolic
common or to share.
Signs, marks, letters, words, sentences, and
Meaning
images; all of which contain messages
A process of sharing and conveying messages or Nonverbal communication represents symbolic
information from one person to another within and across communication as well.
channels, contexts, media, and cultures (McCornack, 2014)
Communication is Always Results into Something
Elements of Communication
It refers to two or more persons participating in any
communicative act. The first, express or sends a message;
the second, responds or reacts to the message.
Communication is Irreversible
Once you utter something, the things you have said
remains as it is susceptible to different interpretation or
meanings.
Communication is Contextual
Principles and Characteristics of Communication Setting (like time, place, topic, occasion, manner, and
purpose) affects communication.
Communication is Schemata-Driven
Communication is Developmental or Progressive
Schema pertains to an individual’s background
knowledge. Achieving communicative competence is not a one-time
Transmitted messages become understandable learning experience.
or meaningful because of your old knowledge.
Communication is a Process
Communication is an Interpretative Act
Communication takes place in several stages.
The role of the receiver or listener is just to interpret, infer,
or guess the meaning of things being transmitted by the Communication is Ethical
sender.
A communication event is governed by rules, morals,
values, and beliefs agreed upon by the society.
, Communication is influenced by media and Culture
technology
CULTURE was derived from a Latin word “colere”, which
A communication process is affected by the media and means to tend to the earth and grow, or cultivation and
technology society consumes. nurture (Zimmermann, 2017)
Communication Cues: Verbal and Non-verbal It encompasses religion, food, clothes, language,
marriage, music, beliefs, behavior, etiquette, and a million
other things (De Rossi, 2017)
Verbal Communication
Cultural Globalization
consists of symbols such as letters, words, and
other marks that you need to subject to language Involves the formation of shared norms and knowledge
or grammar rules with which people associate their individual and collective
cultural identities
Non-Verbal
Globalization brings increasing interconnectedness
Communication Culture bound; some are among different populations and cultures
universally known
Consists of actions, tone or way of speaking, Globalization Phenomenon
appearance etc.
Different Non-Verbal Language Symbols
Body Movements
Also called kinesics
Includes gestures, facial expression, posture, and
eye movement.
Paralanguage
Individual And Social Benefits Of Culture
Extra sounds that go with your spoken words
(pitch, volume, duration, intonation, quality) 1. Intrinsic benefits - culture brings people
together (leisure, entertainment, information,
Time/Chronemics
shared experiences)
Chronemics is the term that refers to your act of 2. Improved learning and valuable skills -
studying the impact or effect of time on your education and lifelong learning
behavior. 3. Better health and well-being - creativity and
cultural engagement improve mental and
Distance/Proxemics
physical health
A space or distance symbolizes or represents your 4. Vibrant Communities - social solidarity,
thoughts or feelings about your world. cohesion, social inclusion, community
empowerment, civic pride, tolerance
Physical Appearance and Object Language
Economic Benefits Of Culture
Meanings in this kind of non-verbal language, are
symbolized or represented bydressing styles, body types, 1. Contribution to job creation- from industrial to
body appearance like size or shape, architectural designs ‘creative’ economy
or structures, art objects graphic materials, lightning 2. Contribution to tourism
effects 3. Cultural planning - involves broad community
engagement
automatic link between two minds.
What is Communication Knowledge only becomes meaningful when you initiate to
communicate them to others.
Communication in Nature
Communication is Active, Powerful, Forceful
We, humans, are a naturally social beings, we feel an
intense need to express our thoughts, feelings, Active
aspirations, doubts, questions, and fears. This is our Engages both the speaker and the listener
instrument for human interaction.
Powerful and Forceful
Etymology
Elicits different meanings and reactions
The English word 'communication' has been derived from
the Latin word, ‘communicare' which means to impart or Nothing remains permanent or fixed in the world of
participate or to transmit. The word ‘communicare' is communication
derived from the root ‘communis' which means to make
Communication is Symbolic
common or to share.
Signs, marks, letters, words, sentences, and
Meaning
images; all of which contain messages
A process of sharing and conveying messages or Nonverbal communication represents symbolic
information from one person to another within and across communication as well.
channels, contexts, media, and cultures (McCornack, 2014)
Communication is Always Results into Something
Elements of Communication
It refers to two or more persons participating in any
communicative act. The first, express or sends a message;
the second, responds or reacts to the message.
Communication is Irreversible
Once you utter something, the things you have said
remains as it is susceptible to different interpretation or
meanings.
Communication is Contextual
Principles and Characteristics of Communication Setting (like time, place, topic, occasion, manner, and
purpose) affects communication.
Communication is Schemata-Driven
Communication is Developmental or Progressive
Schema pertains to an individual’s background
knowledge. Achieving communicative competence is not a one-time
Transmitted messages become understandable learning experience.
or meaningful because of your old knowledge.
Communication is a Process
Communication is an Interpretative Act
Communication takes place in several stages.
The role of the receiver or listener is just to interpret, infer,
or guess the meaning of things being transmitted by the Communication is Ethical
sender.
A communication event is governed by rules, morals,
values, and beliefs agreed upon by the society.
, Communication is influenced by media and Culture
technology
CULTURE was derived from a Latin word “colere”, which
A communication process is affected by the media and means to tend to the earth and grow, or cultivation and
technology society consumes. nurture (Zimmermann, 2017)
Communication Cues: Verbal and Non-verbal It encompasses religion, food, clothes, language,
marriage, music, beliefs, behavior, etiquette, and a million
other things (De Rossi, 2017)
Verbal Communication
Cultural Globalization
consists of symbols such as letters, words, and
other marks that you need to subject to language Involves the formation of shared norms and knowledge
or grammar rules with which people associate their individual and collective
cultural identities
Non-Verbal
Globalization brings increasing interconnectedness
Communication Culture bound; some are among different populations and cultures
universally known
Consists of actions, tone or way of speaking, Globalization Phenomenon
appearance etc.
Different Non-Verbal Language Symbols
Body Movements
Also called kinesics
Includes gestures, facial expression, posture, and
eye movement.
Paralanguage
Individual And Social Benefits Of Culture
Extra sounds that go with your spoken words
(pitch, volume, duration, intonation, quality) 1. Intrinsic benefits - culture brings people
together (leisure, entertainment, information,
Time/Chronemics
shared experiences)
Chronemics is the term that refers to your act of 2. Improved learning and valuable skills -
studying the impact or effect of time on your education and lifelong learning
behavior. 3. Better health and well-being - creativity and
cultural engagement improve mental and
Distance/Proxemics
physical health
A space or distance symbolizes or represents your 4. Vibrant Communities - social solidarity,
thoughts or feelings about your world. cohesion, social inclusion, community
empowerment, civic pride, tolerance
Physical Appearance and Object Language
Economic Benefits Of Culture
Meanings in this kind of non-verbal language, are
symbolized or represented bydressing styles, body types, 1. Contribution to job creation- from industrial to
body appearance like size or shape, architectural designs ‘creative’ economy
or structures, art objects graphic materials, lightning 2. Contribution to tourism
effects 3. Cultural planning - involves broad community
engagement
