Basic Sentence Pattern S-LV-SC (Subject-Linking Verb-Subject
Complement)
A sentence is a group of words that usually contain
a subject (S) and a verb (V) are expresses a complete Linking verbs do not express action. They connect
idea. the subject of the verb to additional information
about the subject
The subject tells us who or what.
The predicate tells us what about it. Linking verbs - you can use it alone
Helping verbs – need additional
S-IV (Subject-Intransitive Verb)
Intransitive Verbs express actions without a
direct object receiving the action because the
action is complete itself.
The subject complement is normally a noun or an
Intransitive verbs never answer the questions
adjective that defines or renames the subject in
“who” or “what”
some way.
Predicate nominative (noun or pronoun) –
Complete a linking verb and rename the subject.
Predicate adjective – follows a linking verb and
describes the subject
S-TV-DO (Subject-Transitive Verb-Direct Object)
Transitive verbs are action words requiring
an object whether it is a person, place, or
thing to receive the action (What? Or whom?)
It is a verb that required both a subject and a
direct object.
S-TV-IO-DO (Subject-Transitive Verb-Indirect
Object-Direct Object)
Indirect Object – precedes the direct object and tells S-TV-DO-OC (Subject-Transitive Verb-Direct
to whom or for whom/to what or for what the action Object-Objective Complement)
of the verb is done and who is receiving the direct
An Object Complement is a noun, pronoun, or
object
adjective that follows a direct object and renames it,
A direct object is the object in which the verb is describes, or tells what the direct object has become.
acting on. For example, in the sentence “He sold his
car,” “car” is a direct object. An indirect object is the
recipient of the direct object, as in “The man gave his
wife a necklace.” “Necklace” is the direct object, and
“wife” is the indirect object.
,Listening is the process of receiving, constructing, During question-and-answer sessions, speakers use
meaning from, and responding to a spoken and/or comprehensive listening skills to accurately interpret
non-verbal message. – International Reading the audience’s questions.
Association
Critical/Analytical Listening
4 Types of Listening
listening to evaluate a message for purposes
of accepting or rejecting it, as when we listen
Appreciative Listening
to the sales pitch of a used-car dealer or the
Listening for pleasure and enjoyment, as campaign speech of a political candidate
when we listen to music, to a comedy routine, focuses on evaluating whether a message is
or to an entertaining speech logical and reasonable
describes how well speakers choose and use asks you to make judgements based on your
words, use humor, and ask questions. tell evaluation of the speaker’s arguments
stories, and argue persuasively. challenges the speaker’s message by
evaluating its accuracy and meaningfulness,
Emphatic Listening
and utility
Listening to provide emotional support for uses critical thinking skills
the speaker, as when a psychiatrist listens to
a patient or when we lend a sympathetic ear
to a friend
Focuses on understanding and identifying
with a person’s situation, feelings, or motives
There is an attempt to understand what the
other person is feeling
The listener does not necessarily agree or feel
the same way as the speaker instead
understands the type and intensity of
feelings the speaker is experiencing without
judgement SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT
Comprehensive/Active Listening Subjects and verbs must AGREE with one another in
number (singular or plural). Thus, if a subject is
listening to understand the message of a speaker, as
singular, its verb must also be singular; if a subject is
when we attend a classroom lecture or listen to
plural, its verb must also be plural.
directions for finding a friend’s house
plural form:
focuses on accurately understanding the meaning of
the speaker’s words while simultaneously
interpreting non-verbal cues such as facial
expressions, gestures, posture, and vocal quality
, 5. The indefinite pronouns all, any, more, most,
none, and some can be singular or plural based on
how they are used.
6. A singular verb is generally used after wods
denoting an amount (time, measurement, weight,
colume)
7. Some subjects, although they appear plural, are
singular in meaning and take a singular verb.
8.
1. The number of a verb does not change when one
or more phrases come between a verb and its
subject or when there is an intervening phrase.
9.
2. The words here, there, and where are NOT 10.
subjects. They introduce a sentence in inverted
order. The verb must agree with the subject of a
sentence.
3. A singular verb must be used with the singular
indefinite pronoun each, neither, either, anyone,
NOTE TAKING
everyone, no one, someone, anybody,
everybody, nobody, somebody, anything, Taking notes involves active listening, as well as
everything, nothing, and something. connecting and relating information to ideas you
already know. It i=also involves seeking answers to
4. the indefinite pronouns both, few, many, others,
questions that arise from the material.
and several are always plural form.
Complement)
A sentence is a group of words that usually contain
a subject (S) and a verb (V) are expresses a complete Linking verbs do not express action. They connect
idea. the subject of the verb to additional information
about the subject
The subject tells us who or what.
The predicate tells us what about it. Linking verbs - you can use it alone
Helping verbs – need additional
S-IV (Subject-Intransitive Verb)
Intransitive Verbs express actions without a
direct object receiving the action because the
action is complete itself.
The subject complement is normally a noun or an
Intransitive verbs never answer the questions
adjective that defines or renames the subject in
“who” or “what”
some way.
Predicate nominative (noun or pronoun) –
Complete a linking verb and rename the subject.
Predicate adjective – follows a linking verb and
describes the subject
S-TV-DO (Subject-Transitive Verb-Direct Object)
Transitive verbs are action words requiring
an object whether it is a person, place, or
thing to receive the action (What? Or whom?)
It is a verb that required both a subject and a
direct object.
S-TV-IO-DO (Subject-Transitive Verb-Indirect
Object-Direct Object)
Indirect Object – precedes the direct object and tells S-TV-DO-OC (Subject-Transitive Verb-Direct
to whom or for whom/to what or for what the action Object-Objective Complement)
of the verb is done and who is receiving the direct
An Object Complement is a noun, pronoun, or
object
adjective that follows a direct object and renames it,
A direct object is the object in which the verb is describes, or tells what the direct object has become.
acting on. For example, in the sentence “He sold his
car,” “car” is a direct object. An indirect object is the
recipient of the direct object, as in “The man gave his
wife a necklace.” “Necklace” is the direct object, and
“wife” is the indirect object.
,Listening is the process of receiving, constructing, During question-and-answer sessions, speakers use
meaning from, and responding to a spoken and/or comprehensive listening skills to accurately interpret
non-verbal message. – International Reading the audience’s questions.
Association
Critical/Analytical Listening
4 Types of Listening
listening to evaluate a message for purposes
of accepting or rejecting it, as when we listen
Appreciative Listening
to the sales pitch of a used-car dealer or the
Listening for pleasure and enjoyment, as campaign speech of a political candidate
when we listen to music, to a comedy routine, focuses on evaluating whether a message is
or to an entertaining speech logical and reasonable
describes how well speakers choose and use asks you to make judgements based on your
words, use humor, and ask questions. tell evaluation of the speaker’s arguments
stories, and argue persuasively. challenges the speaker’s message by
evaluating its accuracy and meaningfulness,
Emphatic Listening
and utility
Listening to provide emotional support for uses critical thinking skills
the speaker, as when a psychiatrist listens to
a patient or when we lend a sympathetic ear
to a friend
Focuses on understanding and identifying
with a person’s situation, feelings, or motives
There is an attempt to understand what the
other person is feeling
The listener does not necessarily agree or feel
the same way as the speaker instead
understands the type and intensity of
feelings the speaker is experiencing without
judgement SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT
Comprehensive/Active Listening Subjects and verbs must AGREE with one another in
number (singular or plural). Thus, if a subject is
listening to understand the message of a speaker, as
singular, its verb must also be singular; if a subject is
when we attend a classroom lecture or listen to
plural, its verb must also be plural.
directions for finding a friend’s house
plural form:
focuses on accurately understanding the meaning of
the speaker’s words while simultaneously
interpreting non-verbal cues such as facial
expressions, gestures, posture, and vocal quality
, 5. The indefinite pronouns all, any, more, most,
none, and some can be singular or plural based on
how they are used.
6. A singular verb is generally used after wods
denoting an amount (time, measurement, weight,
colume)
7. Some subjects, although they appear plural, are
singular in meaning and take a singular verb.
8.
1. The number of a verb does not change when one
or more phrases come between a verb and its
subject or when there is an intervening phrase.
9.
2. The words here, there, and where are NOT 10.
subjects. They introduce a sentence in inverted
order. The verb must agree with the subject of a
sentence.
3. A singular verb must be used with the singular
indefinite pronoun each, neither, either, anyone,
NOTE TAKING
everyone, no one, someone, anybody,
everybody, nobody, somebody, anything, Taking notes involves active listening, as well as
everything, nothing, and something. connecting and relating information to ideas you
already know. It i=also involves seeking answers to
4. the indefinite pronouns both, few, many, others,
questions that arise from the material.
and several are always plural form.
