BIO 100
BIO100 FINAL EXAM 2025 QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
what is cell theory? - 1. all organisms are made up of one or more cells
2. cells are the basic unit of life and the smallest unit of life
3. every new cell comes from a pre-existing cell
what is the plasma membrane? - maintains the cell as a distinct entity
cytoplasm - consists of semi-fluid material and organells
organelles - tiny compartments within a cell that have specific functions
DNA - hereditary information found within a distinct nucleus in eukaryotes
-found floating around in prokaryotes
RNA - stores information like DNA and catalyzes reactions (like proteins)
functions of the plasma membrane? - 1. separates internal and external environment
2. controls movement of materials in and out of cell
3. allows cell to interact with other cells
what is the structure of the plasma membrane? - 1. phospholipid bilyaer with hydrophilic
heads on the outside and hydrophobic tails on the inside
2. proteins and other lipids are embedded within the membrane
BIO 100
,BIO 100
what are ribosomes composed of? what are their function? - composed of RNA and
protein molecules
-assemble amino acids into proteins
what kind of forms of life are prokaryotic? what are some main features of prokaryotic
cells? - 1. bacteria and archaea
2. have no distinct nucleus (DNA is found in cytoplasm)
3. contain few organelles other than ribosomes
4. they have a cell wall
what are some of the main structures and organelles of eurkaryotic cells? - 1. nucleus
2. endomembrane system
3. mitochondria
4. chloroplasts
5. cytoskeleton
what is the endomembrane system? what organelles make it up? - 1. they are the
organelles involved in the synthesis, storage, and transportation of important molecules
(conveyor belt of the factory)
2. endoplasmic reticulum, golgi complex, various vesicles
whats the difference between the rough ER and the smooth ER? - the rough ER has
ribosomes and is where protein synthesis occurs
-the smooth ER has no ribosomes and is the site of lipid synthesis and transport
what is the golgi complex do? - 1. receives macromolecules from the ER
2. assemble, modify, and package macromolecules for exporting from the cell
BIO 100
, BIO 100
what are vesicles? - involved in transport, storage, and recycling
what are lysosomes? - the vesicles fro animals
-house enzymes that digest macromolecules (like carbs and proteins)
what are central vacuole? - the vesicles from plants
-store water, nutrients, wastes
what is the mitochondria? - It is the site of cellular respiration
-production of energy (ATP) using sugar from foods
-actually have their own DNA
what are the chloroplasts? - sites of photosynthesis
-conversion of energy from the sun (light) into chemical energy (sugars)
-also have their own DNA
what three structures make up the cytoskeleton? - 1. microfilaments - actin
2. intermediate filaments - fibrous proteins
3. microtubules - tubulins
what are the 3 functions of cytoskeletons? - 1. movement - cilia and flagella
2. internal shape and structure - anchor organelles and serve as tracks fro organelle
movement
3. cell division
BIO 100
BIO100 FINAL EXAM 2025 QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
what is cell theory? - 1. all organisms are made up of one or more cells
2. cells are the basic unit of life and the smallest unit of life
3. every new cell comes from a pre-existing cell
what is the plasma membrane? - maintains the cell as a distinct entity
cytoplasm - consists of semi-fluid material and organells
organelles - tiny compartments within a cell that have specific functions
DNA - hereditary information found within a distinct nucleus in eukaryotes
-found floating around in prokaryotes
RNA - stores information like DNA and catalyzes reactions (like proteins)
functions of the plasma membrane? - 1. separates internal and external environment
2. controls movement of materials in and out of cell
3. allows cell to interact with other cells
what is the structure of the plasma membrane? - 1. phospholipid bilyaer with hydrophilic
heads on the outside and hydrophobic tails on the inside
2. proteins and other lipids are embedded within the membrane
BIO 100
,BIO 100
what are ribosomes composed of? what are their function? - composed of RNA and
protein molecules
-assemble amino acids into proteins
what kind of forms of life are prokaryotic? what are some main features of prokaryotic
cells? - 1. bacteria and archaea
2. have no distinct nucleus (DNA is found in cytoplasm)
3. contain few organelles other than ribosomes
4. they have a cell wall
what are some of the main structures and organelles of eurkaryotic cells? - 1. nucleus
2. endomembrane system
3. mitochondria
4. chloroplasts
5. cytoskeleton
what is the endomembrane system? what organelles make it up? - 1. they are the
organelles involved in the synthesis, storage, and transportation of important molecules
(conveyor belt of the factory)
2. endoplasmic reticulum, golgi complex, various vesicles
whats the difference between the rough ER and the smooth ER? - the rough ER has
ribosomes and is where protein synthesis occurs
-the smooth ER has no ribosomes and is the site of lipid synthesis and transport
what is the golgi complex do? - 1. receives macromolecules from the ER
2. assemble, modify, and package macromolecules for exporting from the cell
BIO 100
, BIO 100
what are vesicles? - involved in transport, storage, and recycling
what are lysosomes? - the vesicles fro animals
-house enzymes that digest macromolecules (like carbs and proteins)
what are central vacuole? - the vesicles from plants
-store water, nutrients, wastes
what is the mitochondria? - It is the site of cellular respiration
-production of energy (ATP) using sugar from foods
-actually have their own DNA
what are the chloroplasts? - sites of photosynthesis
-conversion of energy from the sun (light) into chemical energy (sugars)
-also have their own DNA
what three structures make up the cytoskeleton? - 1. microfilaments - actin
2. intermediate filaments - fibrous proteins
3. microtubules - tubulins
what are the 3 functions of cytoskeletons? - 1. movement - cilia and flagella
2. internal shape and structure - anchor organelles and serve as tracks fro organelle
movement
3. cell division
BIO 100
