WGU Anatomy and Physiology 1
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_1u2ddp
Horizontal plane that divides the body
Transverse plane
into the top and bottom
Vertical plane that divides the body into
Coronal plane
front and back sections
Plane that divides the body into left and
right sections
Sagittal plane
Toward the head -same as superior for a
Cephalic
human
Toward the tail -same as inferior for a
Caudal
human
Toward the back - same as posterior for
Dorsal
a human
Toward the belly -same as anterior for a
Ventral
human
Superior Above or toward the head
Inferior Below or toward the feet
Distal Farther from the trunk or origin
Proximal Closer to the trunk or origin
Superficial Toward or on the surface
Deep or internal Away from the surface
Anterior or ventral Toward the front or toward the belly
Posterior or dorsal Toward the rear or toward the back
Medial Toward the midline
Lateral Toward the side
Cephalic Head
,WGU Anatomy and Physiology 1
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_1u2ddp
Orbital Eye
Nasal Nose
Buccal Cheek
Oral Mouth
Cervical Neck
Brachial Arm
Carpal Wrist
Manual Hand
Digital Finger or toe
Crural Legs
Coxal Hip
Femoral Upper leg
Pedal Feet
Thoracic Below the neck and above the abdomen
Abdominal Between the chest and the pelvis
Pelvic Around the pelvis
Inguinal Groin
Dorsal Back
Vertebral Along center line of back
Lumbar Lower back
Base of the spine
Sacral
Region of the body along the back. 2
Dorsal region major cavities - the cranial cavity and the
vertebral canal (spinal cavity)
Cranial cavity
, WGU Anatomy and Physiology 1
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Contains the brain and is enclosed by the
skull
Contains the spinal cord and is enclosed
Vertebral canal by the bones that compose the spinal
column also known as the spinal cavity
Located in the front of the body and con-
Ventral cavities tain most of the internal organs. 3 major
cavities - thoracic, abdominal and pelvic.
Contains the lungs and heart and is en-
closed by the rib cage. The thoracic cavi-
Thoracic cavity
ty is separated from the abdominal cavity
by the diaphragm
Contains most of the digestive organs -
stomach, liver, pancreas, intestines - and
some of the urinary structures - the kid-
Abdominal cavity ney and the ureters. The upper boundary
is the diaphragm and the lower boundary
is the brim of the pelvis (landmark of the
pelvis bones)
Contains the bladder, anus and repro-
Pelvic cavity ductive organs and is enclosed by the
pelvis
Since there is no anatomical division be-
tween the 2 cavities they are occasional-
ly referred to as 1 region
Abdominopelvic cavity
The dynamic physiological process that
Homeostasis helps people maintain an internal envi-
ronment suitable for normal function
Feedback loop
, WGU Anatomy and Physiology 1
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_1u2ddp
A system used to control the level of a
variable in which there is an identifiable
receptor (sensor) control center (integra-
tor or comparator) effectors, and meth-
ods of communication
Parameters that are monitored and con-
Variables trolled or affected by the feedback sys-
tem
Receptors or sensors Detect changes in the variable
Compare the variable in relation to a set
point and signal the effectors to generate
a response. These centers sometimes
Control centers or integrators
consider info other than just the level of
variable in decision making, such as time
of day, age, external conditions, etc.
Execute the necessary changes to ad-
Effectors
just the variable
Components of the feedback loop that
are necessary in order for it to function.
This often occurs through nerves or hor-
Methods of communication mones. In some cases the receptors and
control centers are the same structures
so there is no need for these signaling
modes in that part of the loop
Any situation in which a variable is reg-
ulated and the level of the variable im-
pacts the direction in which the variable
Feedback cycle
changes (i.e. increases or decreases)
even if there is not clearly identified loop
components
Stimulus Change in the environment
Set point Ideal level of homeostasis
Change in a given direction causes ad-
ditional change in the same direction.
Positive feedback loop
An example is contractions during labor
which amplify over time until the birth.
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_1u2ddp
Horizontal plane that divides the body
Transverse plane
into the top and bottom
Vertical plane that divides the body into
Coronal plane
front and back sections
Plane that divides the body into left and
right sections
Sagittal plane
Toward the head -same as superior for a
Cephalic
human
Toward the tail -same as inferior for a
Caudal
human
Toward the back - same as posterior for
Dorsal
a human
Toward the belly -same as anterior for a
Ventral
human
Superior Above or toward the head
Inferior Below or toward the feet
Distal Farther from the trunk or origin
Proximal Closer to the trunk or origin
Superficial Toward or on the surface
Deep or internal Away from the surface
Anterior or ventral Toward the front or toward the belly
Posterior or dorsal Toward the rear or toward the back
Medial Toward the midline
Lateral Toward the side
Cephalic Head
,WGU Anatomy and Physiology 1
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_1u2ddp
Orbital Eye
Nasal Nose
Buccal Cheek
Oral Mouth
Cervical Neck
Brachial Arm
Carpal Wrist
Manual Hand
Digital Finger or toe
Crural Legs
Coxal Hip
Femoral Upper leg
Pedal Feet
Thoracic Below the neck and above the abdomen
Abdominal Between the chest and the pelvis
Pelvic Around the pelvis
Inguinal Groin
Dorsal Back
Vertebral Along center line of back
Lumbar Lower back
Base of the spine
Sacral
Region of the body along the back. 2
Dorsal region major cavities - the cranial cavity and the
vertebral canal (spinal cavity)
Cranial cavity
, WGU Anatomy and Physiology 1
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_1u2ddp
Contains the brain and is enclosed by the
skull
Contains the spinal cord and is enclosed
Vertebral canal by the bones that compose the spinal
column also known as the spinal cavity
Located in the front of the body and con-
Ventral cavities tain most of the internal organs. 3 major
cavities - thoracic, abdominal and pelvic.
Contains the lungs and heart and is en-
closed by the rib cage. The thoracic cavi-
Thoracic cavity
ty is separated from the abdominal cavity
by the diaphragm
Contains most of the digestive organs -
stomach, liver, pancreas, intestines - and
some of the urinary structures - the kid-
Abdominal cavity ney and the ureters. The upper boundary
is the diaphragm and the lower boundary
is the brim of the pelvis (landmark of the
pelvis bones)
Contains the bladder, anus and repro-
Pelvic cavity ductive organs and is enclosed by the
pelvis
Since there is no anatomical division be-
tween the 2 cavities they are occasional-
ly referred to as 1 region
Abdominopelvic cavity
The dynamic physiological process that
Homeostasis helps people maintain an internal envi-
ronment suitable for normal function
Feedback loop
, WGU Anatomy and Physiology 1
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_1u2ddp
A system used to control the level of a
variable in which there is an identifiable
receptor (sensor) control center (integra-
tor or comparator) effectors, and meth-
ods of communication
Parameters that are monitored and con-
Variables trolled or affected by the feedback sys-
tem
Receptors or sensors Detect changes in the variable
Compare the variable in relation to a set
point and signal the effectors to generate
a response. These centers sometimes
Control centers or integrators
consider info other than just the level of
variable in decision making, such as time
of day, age, external conditions, etc.
Execute the necessary changes to ad-
Effectors
just the variable
Components of the feedback loop that
are necessary in order for it to function.
This often occurs through nerves or hor-
Methods of communication mones. In some cases the receptors and
control centers are the same structures
so there is no need for these signaling
modes in that part of the loop
Any situation in which a variable is reg-
ulated and the level of the variable im-
pacts the direction in which the variable
Feedback cycle
changes (i.e. increases or decreases)
even if there is not clearly identified loop
components
Stimulus Change in the environment
Set point Ideal level of homeostasis
Change in a given direction causes ad-
ditional change in the same direction.
Positive feedback loop
An example is contractions during labor
which amplify over time until the birth.
