Biology 1010 Midterm (2025) Actual
Exam Questions and Answers A+
Graded
Reductionism .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-An .approach .to .understanding .the .nature
.of .complex .things .by .reducing .them .to .the .interactions .of .their .parts, .or .to
.simpler .or .more .fundamental .things
Robert .Hooke .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-In .1665, .he .first .described .and .named
.cells .from .an .oak .tree
Anton .van .Leeuwenhoek .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Discovered .a .microbial .world .in
.droplets .of .pound .water
Schleiden .and .Schwaan .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Called .cells .'units .of .life' .- .cell
.theory
Common .features .of .Cells .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-All .cells .are .enclosed .by .a
.membrane .that .regulates .passing .of .materials .between .the .cell .and .it's
.surroundings. .
Every .cell .contains .DNA.
Two .major .kinds .of .cells, .Prokaryote .and .Eukaryote.
Eukaryotic .vs. .Prokaryotic .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Eukaryotes: .Have .a .nucleus,
.membrane .bound .organelles. .Much .more .complex .DNA, .which .is .held .in .the
.nucleus. .Prokaryote .DNA .floats .freely, .and .are .10% .the .size .of .Eukaryotes.
.They .have .a .cell .wall .of .peptidoglycan.
Genes .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-The .basic .physical .and .functional .unit .of .heredity
.which .are .made .up .of .DNA, .act .as .instructions .to .make .molecules .called
.proteins. .In .humans, .they .vary .in .size .from .a .few .hundred .DNA .bases .to .more
.than .2 .million .bases.
Evidence .for .unity .of .life .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-A .universal .genetic .code,
.similar .metabolic .pathways, .and .similarities .of .cell .structure.
Three .Domains/Five .Kingdoms .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Domain .Bacteria .and
.Archaea .both .include .Kingdom .Prokaryota. .Domain .Eukarya .includes .the
.kingdoms .of .Protista .(unicellular .eukaryotes), .Fungi, .Plantae, .and .Animalia.
, Taxonomy .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Domain .- .Kingdom .- .Phylum .- .Class .- .Order .-
.Family .- .Genus .- .Species. .DKPCOFGS.
Evolution .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-The .process .by .which .different .kinds .of .living
.organisms .are .thought .to .have .developed .and .diversified .from .earlier .forms
.during .the .history .of .the .earth.
Darwin's .Observations .and .Inferences .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Observation .1:
.Individual .Variation. .Individuals .vary .in .many .heritable .traits. .Observation .2:
.Struggle .for .existence. .The .produced .offspring .is .far .bigger .than .the
.environment .can .support. .
Inference: .Differential .reproductive .success. .Those .individuals .with .traits .best
.suited .for .local .environment .leave .a .larger .number .of .surviving .fertile
.offspring.
3 .Properties .of .living .things .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Metabolism, .Growth,
.Reproduction.
Life's .hierarchy .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Molecules, .Organelles, .Cells, .Tissues,
.Organs, .Organisms, .Populations.
The .Cell .Theory .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-1. .Cells .are .the .fundamental .units .of
.life, .a .cell .is .the .simplest .unit .capable .of .independent .existence.
Plant .cell .structure .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Eukaryotic .cells .that .differ .in .several
.key .aspects .from .the .cells .of .other .eukaryotic .organisms.
Plastids .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-A .major .double-membrane .organelle .found,
.among .others, .in .the .cells .of .plants .and .algae. .They .are .the .site .of
.manufacture .and .storage .of .important .chemical .compounds .used .by .the .cell.
Chloroplasts .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Organelles .found .in .plant .cells .and
.eukaryotic .algae .that .conduct .photosynthesis. .They .absorb .sunlight .and .use .it
.in .conjunction .with .water .and .carbon .dioxide .gas .to .produce .food .for .the
.plant.
Central .Vacuole .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-A .membrane-bound .organelle .containing
.water .and .other .enzymes .that .function .during .the .life .of .the .plant. .Structurally,
.it .is .surrounded .by .a .phospholipid .bilayer. .Very .important .in .cell .growth.
Cell .Wall .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-A .structural .layer .that .surrounds .some .types
.of .cells, .situated .outside .the .cell .membrane. .It .can .be .tough, .flexible .and
.sometimes .rigid .and .functions .to .provides .cells .with .structural .support .and
.protection .and .to .act .as .a .filtering .mechanism.
Plasmodesmata .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Microscopic .channels .which .traverse
.the .cell .walls .of .plant .cells .and .some .algal .cells, .enabling .transport .and
.communication .between .them.
Exam Questions and Answers A+
Graded
Reductionism .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-An .approach .to .understanding .the .nature
.of .complex .things .by .reducing .them .to .the .interactions .of .their .parts, .or .to
.simpler .or .more .fundamental .things
Robert .Hooke .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-In .1665, .he .first .described .and .named
.cells .from .an .oak .tree
Anton .van .Leeuwenhoek .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Discovered .a .microbial .world .in
.droplets .of .pound .water
Schleiden .and .Schwaan .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Called .cells .'units .of .life' .- .cell
.theory
Common .features .of .Cells .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-All .cells .are .enclosed .by .a
.membrane .that .regulates .passing .of .materials .between .the .cell .and .it's
.surroundings. .
Every .cell .contains .DNA.
Two .major .kinds .of .cells, .Prokaryote .and .Eukaryote.
Eukaryotic .vs. .Prokaryotic .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Eukaryotes: .Have .a .nucleus,
.membrane .bound .organelles. .Much .more .complex .DNA, .which .is .held .in .the
.nucleus. .Prokaryote .DNA .floats .freely, .and .are .10% .the .size .of .Eukaryotes.
.They .have .a .cell .wall .of .peptidoglycan.
Genes .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-The .basic .physical .and .functional .unit .of .heredity
.which .are .made .up .of .DNA, .act .as .instructions .to .make .molecules .called
.proteins. .In .humans, .they .vary .in .size .from .a .few .hundred .DNA .bases .to .more
.than .2 .million .bases.
Evidence .for .unity .of .life .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-A .universal .genetic .code,
.similar .metabolic .pathways, .and .similarities .of .cell .structure.
Three .Domains/Five .Kingdoms .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Domain .Bacteria .and
.Archaea .both .include .Kingdom .Prokaryota. .Domain .Eukarya .includes .the
.kingdoms .of .Protista .(unicellular .eukaryotes), .Fungi, .Plantae, .and .Animalia.
, Taxonomy .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Domain .- .Kingdom .- .Phylum .- .Class .- .Order .-
.Family .- .Genus .- .Species. .DKPCOFGS.
Evolution .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-The .process .by .which .different .kinds .of .living
.organisms .are .thought .to .have .developed .and .diversified .from .earlier .forms
.during .the .history .of .the .earth.
Darwin's .Observations .and .Inferences .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Observation .1:
.Individual .Variation. .Individuals .vary .in .many .heritable .traits. .Observation .2:
.Struggle .for .existence. .The .produced .offspring .is .far .bigger .than .the
.environment .can .support. .
Inference: .Differential .reproductive .success. .Those .individuals .with .traits .best
.suited .for .local .environment .leave .a .larger .number .of .surviving .fertile
.offspring.
3 .Properties .of .living .things .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Metabolism, .Growth,
.Reproduction.
Life's .hierarchy .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Molecules, .Organelles, .Cells, .Tissues,
.Organs, .Organisms, .Populations.
The .Cell .Theory .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-1. .Cells .are .the .fundamental .units .of
.life, .a .cell .is .the .simplest .unit .capable .of .independent .existence.
Plant .cell .structure .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Eukaryotic .cells .that .differ .in .several
.key .aspects .from .the .cells .of .other .eukaryotic .organisms.
Plastids .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-A .major .double-membrane .organelle .found,
.among .others, .in .the .cells .of .plants .and .algae. .They .are .the .site .of
.manufacture .and .storage .of .important .chemical .compounds .used .by .the .cell.
Chloroplasts .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Organelles .found .in .plant .cells .and
.eukaryotic .algae .that .conduct .photosynthesis. .They .absorb .sunlight .and .use .it
.in .conjunction .with .water .and .carbon .dioxide .gas .to .produce .food .for .the
.plant.
Central .Vacuole .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-A .membrane-bound .organelle .containing
.water .and .other .enzymes .that .function .during .the .life .of .the .plant. .Structurally,
.it .is .surrounded .by .a .phospholipid .bilayer. .Very .important .in .cell .growth.
Cell .Wall .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-A .structural .layer .that .surrounds .some .types
.of .cells, .situated .outside .the .cell .membrane. .It .can .be .tough, .flexible .and
.sometimes .rigid .and .functions .to .provides .cells .with .structural .support .and
.protection .and .to .act .as .a .filtering .mechanism.
Plasmodesmata .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Microscopic .channels .which .traverse
.the .cell .walls .of .plant .cells .and .some .algal .cells, .enabling .transport .and
.communication .between .them.
