NCLEX (2025) Actual Exam Questions
and Answers A+ Graded
What .is .Hypervolemia .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Too .much .fluid .in .the .vascular
.space
What .are .the .two .main .causes .of .Hypervolemia .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Heart
.Failure .and .Renal .Failure
What .does .Cardiac .Output .do .in .Hypervolemia .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Increases
What .does .Urine .Output .do .in .Hypervolemia .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Increases
What .are .causes .Hypervolemia .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Alka-Seltzers, .Fleet
.Enema, .IV .fluids .with .Sodium .(Na)
Why .do .we .want .to .give .Sodium .to .a .client .with .Hypervolemia .- .CORRECT
.ANSWER .-Because .sodium .makes .them .retain .water .in .the .vascular .space
What .are .Signs .and .Symptoms .of .Hypervolemia .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-
Distended .veins, .Third .spacing, .Wet .lung .sounds .in .lower .lobes, .Polyuria,
.Bounding .pulses
What .to .the .Values .do .with .Hypervolemia; .BP, .Weight, .CVP .- .CORRECT
.ANSWER .-BP .Increase
Weight .Increase
CVP .Increase
Drugs .to .treat .Hypervolemia .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Furosemide .(loop .diuretic),
.Bumetanide, .Hydrochlorothiazide, .Aldactone
What .does .bed .rest .do .for .a .patient .with .Hypervolemia .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-
Induces .diureses .by .ANP .release .which .makes .you .lose .water .and .decreases
.ADH .release .which .normally .makes .you .retain .water .and .sodium
What .is .Aldosterone .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-A .steroid .found .in .the .adreanal
.glands .above .the .Kidney's
What .does .Aldosterone .do .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Makes .you .retain .Sodium .and
.Water .and .Lose .Potassium
,What .is .ANP .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Atrial .Natriuretic .Peptide
Where .is .ANP .found .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-In .the .heart
What .does .ANP .do .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-It .works .the .opposite .of .Aldosterone,
.Therefore .making .you .lose .Sodium .and .Water
What .is .ADH .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Anti-diuretic .Hormone
Where .is .ADH .found .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-In .the .pituitary .of .the .brain
What .are .two .ADH .problems .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Syndrome .of .Inappropriate
.ADH .Secretion .and .Diabetes .Insipidus .(SIADH, .DI)
What .is .SIADH .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Too .much .ADH
SIADH .cause .you .to .retain .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Water
SIADH .causes .Fluid .Volume___ .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Excess
SIADH .causes .UOP .to .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Decrease
SIADH .causes .urine .to .be .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Diluted
SIADH .causes .blood .to .be .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Concentrated
To .remember .SIADH .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Too .many .letters .= .Too .much .water
What .is .DI .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Not .enough .ADH
What .dose .DI .cause .you .to .lose .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Water
DI .causes .Fluid .Volume___ .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Deficit
DI .causes .UOP .to .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Increase
DI .causes .urine .to .be .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Diluted
DI .causes .blood .to .be .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Concentrated
Causes .of .ADH .problems .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Increased .CVP .ex: .craniotomy,
.head .injury, .sinus .surgery
More .___= .More___ .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Volume, .Pressure
Fluid .retention .think___ .First .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Heart .problems
What .is .Hypovolemia .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Too .little .fluid .in .the .vascular
.space
,What .is .the .biggest .complication .that .your .worried .about .with .Hypovolemia .-
.CORRECT .ANSWER .-Shock
What .are .the .3 .main .causes .of .Hypovolemia .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-1. .Loss .of
.fluid .from .anywhere .ex: .Vomiting, .Diarrhea, .Hemorrhage;
2. .Third .Spacing .ex: .Burns, .acities
3. .Diseases .with .Polyuria .ex: .Diabetes
What .are .the .Signs .and .Symptoms .of .Hypovolemia .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-
Weak, .Thready .pulse
Decreased .skin .tugor
Dry .mucous .membranes
Cool .extremeties= .Shock
What .do .the .values .do .with .Hypovolemia; .Weight, .BP, .UOP, .Pulse, .RR, .CVP,
.Specific .Gravity .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Weight .Decreases
BP .Decreases
Pulse .Increase
RR .Increases
CVP .Decreases
Specific .Gravity .Increases
What .does .Isotonic .Solutions .do .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Goes .into .the .vascular
.space .and .stays .there
What .are .examples .of .Isotonic .Solutions .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-NS, .LR, .D5W
What .are .uses .of .Isotonic .Solutions .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Fluid .loss .through
.nausea, .vomiting, .burns, .sweating, .and .trauma
When .should .you .not .use .Isotonic .Solutions .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-For
.patients .with .HTN, .Cardiac .Disease, .and .Renal .Disease
Why .should .you .not .use .Isotonic .solution .with .cardiac .and .renal .disease
.patients .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Becuase .it .causes .them .to .go .into .fluid .volume
.excess
What .does .Hypotonic .Solution .do .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Go .into .the .vascular
.space .then .shift .out .into .the .cells .to .replace .cellular .fluids
What .are .examples .of .Hypotonic .Solutions .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-D2.5W,
.0.5NS, .0.33NS
What .are .uses .Hypotonic .Solutions .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-HTN, .Renal .or
.Cardiac .Disease, .fluid .replacement .becuause .of .nausea, .vomiting, .burns,
.hemorrhage, .ect
, If .a .patient .has .a .BP .of .160/98, .what .kind .of .solution .are .you .going .to .give
.them .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Hypotonic .Solution .becuase .it .will .give .them .fluid
.replacement .without .increasing .the .fluid .volume .and .making .there .BP .increase
.more.
Isotonic .would .cause .an .increase .in .the .BP
What .do .you .watch .closely .for .with .Hypotonic .Solutions .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-
Fluid .Volume .Deficit .
Decreased .BP
What .do .Hypertonic .Solutions .do .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Volume .expanders .that
.will .draw .fluid .into .the .vascular .space .from .the .cells
What .are .examples .of .Hypertonic .Solutions .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-D10W,
.3%NS, .5%NS, .D5LR, .D50.5NS, .D5NS, .TPN, .Albumin
What .are .uses .of .Hypertonic .Solutions .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Hyponatremia,
.Shifted .large .amounts .of .vascular .volume .to .a .third .space, .or .severe .edema,
.acites .or .burns
What .do .you .watch .closely .for .with .Hypertonic .Solutions .- .CORRECT .ANSWER
.-Fluid .volume .excess
What .is .the .Normal .Magnesium .range .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-1.2-2.1
What .is .Hypermagnesemia .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Too .much .Magnesium
Higher .than .2.1
What .are .causes .of .Hypermagnesemia .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Renal .Faliure
Antacids
What .are .the .Signs .and .Symptoms .of .Hypermagnesemia .- .CORRECT .ANSWER
.-Flushing
Warmth
What .does .Magnesium .make .you .do .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Vasodilate
What .are .Treatments .for .Hypermagnesemia .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Ventilator
Dialysis
Calcium .Gluconate
What .is .the .antidote .for .Magnesium .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Calcium .Gluconate
What .does .Calcium .Gluconate .do .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Reverses .respiratory
.depresstion .and .arrythmias
What .should .you .think .first .when .you .see .a .Magnesium .problem .- .CORRECT
.ANSWER .-Muscle .First
Act .like .a .sedative
and Answers A+ Graded
What .is .Hypervolemia .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Too .much .fluid .in .the .vascular
.space
What .are .the .two .main .causes .of .Hypervolemia .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Heart
.Failure .and .Renal .Failure
What .does .Cardiac .Output .do .in .Hypervolemia .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Increases
What .does .Urine .Output .do .in .Hypervolemia .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Increases
What .are .causes .Hypervolemia .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Alka-Seltzers, .Fleet
.Enema, .IV .fluids .with .Sodium .(Na)
Why .do .we .want .to .give .Sodium .to .a .client .with .Hypervolemia .- .CORRECT
.ANSWER .-Because .sodium .makes .them .retain .water .in .the .vascular .space
What .are .Signs .and .Symptoms .of .Hypervolemia .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-
Distended .veins, .Third .spacing, .Wet .lung .sounds .in .lower .lobes, .Polyuria,
.Bounding .pulses
What .to .the .Values .do .with .Hypervolemia; .BP, .Weight, .CVP .- .CORRECT
.ANSWER .-BP .Increase
Weight .Increase
CVP .Increase
Drugs .to .treat .Hypervolemia .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Furosemide .(loop .diuretic),
.Bumetanide, .Hydrochlorothiazide, .Aldactone
What .does .bed .rest .do .for .a .patient .with .Hypervolemia .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-
Induces .diureses .by .ANP .release .which .makes .you .lose .water .and .decreases
.ADH .release .which .normally .makes .you .retain .water .and .sodium
What .is .Aldosterone .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-A .steroid .found .in .the .adreanal
.glands .above .the .Kidney's
What .does .Aldosterone .do .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Makes .you .retain .Sodium .and
.Water .and .Lose .Potassium
,What .is .ANP .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Atrial .Natriuretic .Peptide
Where .is .ANP .found .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-In .the .heart
What .does .ANP .do .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-It .works .the .opposite .of .Aldosterone,
.Therefore .making .you .lose .Sodium .and .Water
What .is .ADH .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Anti-diuretic .Hormone
Where .is .ADH .found .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-In .the .pituitary .of .the .brain
What .are .two .ADH .problems .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Syndrome .of .Inappropriate
.ADH .Secretion .and .Diabetes .Insipidus .(SIADH, .DI)
What .is .SIADH .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Too .much .ADH
SIADH .cause .you .to .retain .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Water
SIADH .causes .Fluid .Volume___ .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Excess
SIADH .causes .UOP .to .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Decrease
SIADH .causes .urine .to .be .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Diluted
SIADH .causes .blood .to .be .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Concentrated
To .remember .SIADH .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Too .many .letters .= .Too .much .water
What .is .DI .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Not .enough .ADH
What .dose .DI .cause .you .to .lose .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Water
DI .causes .Fluid .Volume___ .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Deficit
DI .causes .UOP .to .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Increase
DI .causes .urine .to .be .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Diluted
DI .causes .blood .to .be .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Concentrated
Causes .of .ADH .problems .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Increased .CVP .ex: .craniotomy,
.head .injury, .sinus .surgery
More .___= .More___ .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Volume, .Pressure
Fluid .retention .think___ .First .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Heart .problems
What .is .Hypovolemia .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Too .little .fluid .in .the .vascular
.space
,What .is .the .biggest .complication .that .your .worried .about .with .Hypovolemia .-
.CORRECT .ANSWER .-Shock
What .are .the .3 .main .causes .of .Hypovolemia .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-1. .Loss .of
.fluid .from .anywhere .ex: .Vomiting, .Diarrhea, .Hemorrhage;
2. .Third .Spacing .ex: .Burns, .acities
3. .Diseases .with .Polyuria .ex: .Diabetes
What .are .the .Signs .and .Symptoms .of .Hypovolemia .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-
Weak, .Thready .pulse
Decreased .skin .tugor
Dry .mucous .membranes
Cool .extremeties= .Shock
What .do .the .values .do .with .Hypovolemia; .Weight, .BP, .UOP, .Pulse, .RR, .CVP,
.Specific .Gravity .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Weight .Decreases
BP .Decreases
Pulse .Increase
RR .Increases
CVP .Decreases
Specific .Gravity .Increases
What .does .Isotonic .Solutions .do .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Goes .into .the .vascular
.space .and .stays .there
What .are .examples .of .Isotonic .Solutions .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-NS, .LR, .D5W
What .are .uses .of .Isotonic .Solutions .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Fluid .loss .through
.nausea, .vomiting, .burns, .sweating, .and .trauma
When .should .you .not .use .Isotonic .Solutions .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-For
.patients .with .HTN, .Cardiac .Disease, .and .Renal .Disease
Why .should .you .not .use .Isotonic .solution .with .cardiac .and .renal .disease
.patients .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Becuase .it .causes .them .to .go .into .fluid .volume
.excess
What .does .Hypotonic .Solution .do .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Go .into .the .vascular
.space .then .shift .out .into .the .cells .to .replace .cellular .fluids
What .are .examples .of .Hypotonic .Solutions .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-D2.5W,
.0.5NS, .0.33NS
What .are .uses .Hypotonic .Solutions .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-HTN, .Renal .or
.Cardiac .Disease, .fluid .replacement .becuause .of .nausea, .vomiting, .burns,
.hemorrhage, .ect
, If .a .patient .has .a .BP .of .160/98, .what .kind .of .solution .are .you .going .to .give
.them .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Hypotonic .Solution .becuase .it .will .give .them .fluid
.replacement .without .increasing .the .fluid .volume .and .making .there .BP .increase
.more.
Isotonic .would .cause .an .increase .in .the .BP
What .do .you .watch .closely .for .with .Hypotonic .Solutions .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-
Fluid .Volume .Deficit .
Decreased .BP
What .do .Hypertonic .Solutions .do .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Volume .expanders .that
.will .draw .fluid .into .the .vascular .space .from .the .cells
What .are .examples .of .Hypertonic .Solutions .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-D10W,
.3%NS, .5%NS, .D5LR, .D50.5NS, .D5NS, .TPN, .Albumin
What .are .uses .of .Hypertonic .Solutions .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Hyponatremia,
.Shifted .large .amounts .of .vascular .volume .to .a .third .space, .or .severe .edema,
.acites .or .burns
What .do .you .watch .closely .for .with .Hypertonic .Solutions .- .CORRECT .ANSWER
.-Fluid .volume .excess
What .is .the .Normal .Magnesium .range .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-1.2-2.1
What .is .Hypermagnesemia .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Too .much .Magnesium
Higher .than .2.1
What .are .causes .of .Hypermagnesemia .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Renal .Faliure
Antacids
What .are .the .Signs .and .Symptoms .of .Hypermagnesemia .- .CORRECT .ANSWER
.-Flushing
Warmth
What .does .Magnesium .make .you .do .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Vasodilate
What .are .Treatments .for .Hypermagnesemia .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Ventilator
Dialysis
Calcium .Gluconate
What .is .the .antidote .for .Magnesium .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Calcium .Gluconate
What .does .Calcium .Gluconate .do .- .CORRECT .ANSWER .-Reverses .respiratory
.depresstion .and .arrythmias
What .should .you .think .first .when .you .see .a .Magnesium .problem .- .CORRECT
.ANSWER .-Muscle .First
Act .like .a .sedative
