Biochemistry o Polymer: Compound of repeated
linked monomers.
Created by:its_nikkii o Macromolecule: A large biological
polymer.
• Definition: The chemistry of life,
describing the structure, Major Biomolecules
organization, and functions of living o Four major classes of organic
matter in molecular terms. macromolecules: Carbohydrates,
Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids.
Principal Areas:
o Structural Chemistry: Components Carbohydrates
of living matter; relationship of • Derived from carbon, hydrogen, and
biological function to chemical oxygen; important food and energy
structure. source.
o Metabolism: Total chemical • Monosaccharide: Simplest
reactions in living matter. carbohydrate, CnH2nOn
o Chemistry of Molecular Genetics:
Chemistry of processes/substances o Examples: Glucose, Fructose,
that store and transmit biological Galactose (all have C6H12O6 but
information (heredity, genetic different structures).
information transfer). o Isomers: Compounds with different
structures but the same molecular
Importance of Studying Biochemistry: composition.
o Understanding chemical bases of
• Disaccharide: Two
central processes.
monosaccharides linked in a
o Understanding common molecular
condensation reaction.
patterns underlying diverse life
o Examples: Sucrose (glucose +
expressions.
fructose), Lactose (glucose +
o Basis for new drugs in
galactose), Maltose (glucose +
pharmacology, medicine, agriculture,
glucose).
etc.
o Explaining problems in biology and • Polysaccharide: Three or more
medicine. monosaccharides linked in a
o Application in toxicology (poisons condensation reaction.
act on biochemical reactions). o Examples: Glycogen (animal glucose
o Biochemical approaches in storage), Starch (plant glucose
pathology. storage), Cellulose (plant cell
structure).
Review of Carbon Compounds
Lipids
o Carbon has 4 electrons in its outer
• Fatty compounds of carbon,
energy level, readily forming 4
hydrogen, and oxygen.
covalent bonds.
o Carbon bonds to form straight • More C-H bonds, fewer oxygen
chains, branched chains, and rings. atoms than carbohydrates.
o Monomer: A repeated, single- • Nonpolar, insoluble in water.
molecule unit. • Efficient energy storage.
o Dimer: Two monomers.
linked monomers.
Created by:its_nikkii o Macromolecule: A large biological
polymer.
• Definition: The chemistry of life,
describing the structure, Major Biomolecules
organization, and functions of living o Four major classes of organic
matter in molecular terms. macromolecules: Carbohydrates,
Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids.
Principal Areas:
o Structural Chemistry: Components Carbohydrates
of living matter; relationship of • Derived from carbon, hydrogen, and
biological function to chemical oxygen; important food and energy
structure. source.
o Metabolism: Total chemical • Monosaccharide: Simplest
reactions in living matter. carbohydrate, CnH2nOn
o Chemistry of Molecular Genetics:
Chemistry of processes/substances o Examples: Glucose, Fructose,
that store and transmit biological Galactose (all have C6H12O6 but
information (heredity, genetic different structures).
information transfer). o Isomers: Compounds with different
structures but the same molecular
Importance of Studying Biochemistry: composition.
o Understanding chemical bases of
• Disaccharide: Two
central processes.
monosaccharides linked in a
o Understanding common molecular
condensation reaction.
patterns underlying diverse life
o Examples: Sucrose (glucose +
expressions.
fructose), Lactose (glucose +
o Basis for new drugs in
galactose), Maltose (glucose +
pharmacology, medicine, agriculture,
glucose).
etc.
o Explaining problems in biology and • Polysaccharide: Three or more
medicine. monosaccharides linked in a
o Application in toxicology (poisons condensation reaction.
act on biochemical reactions). o Examples: Glycogen (animal glucose
o Biochemical approaches in storage), Starch (plant glucose
pathology. storage), Cellulose (plant cell
structure).
Review of Carbon Compounds
Lipids
o Carbon has 4 electrons in its outer
• Fatty compounds of carbon,
energy level, readily forming 4
hydrogen, and oxygen.
covalent bonds.
o Carbon bonds to form straight • More C-H bonds, fewer oxygen
chains, branched chains, and rings. atoms than carbohydrates.
o Monomer: A repeated, single- • Nonpolar, insoluble in water.
molecule unit. • Efficient energy storage.
o Dimer: Two monomers.
