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NSG 530 / NSG 530
EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE
Advanced Pathophysiology – Wilkes
THIS GUIDE CONTAINS:
tailored to advanced practice nursing students
at Wilkes University.
Focusing on key concepts
is organized for clarity and comprehensive review.
Expert-Verified
,Study guide Exam 1.
Although this is a guide to help you focus you are still responsible for all of the
material that was covered, including information in discussion posts.
Remember the best way to prepare for any exam is to complete the required
readings and read all of the discussion posts. Exam 1 consists of 25 multiple-
choice questions.
1. Understand the process of meiosis related to homologous chromosomes.
Gametes are formed through the process of meiosis. The cells
that undergo meiosis to produce the gametes are called germline
cells. In diploid organisms (organism with 1 set of homologous
chromosome, i.e., organism has two copies of same gene in the
system. humans for
example has 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes, with 2 copies
of each gene on two chromosomes), germline cells have 2 copies
of each chromosome. Germline cells undergo meiosis to produce
haploid gametes, which have only 1 copy of each chromosome.
These haploid gametes fuse to form a diploid embryo that grows
into an adult. Meiosis is just 1 step in the lifecycle of a germline
cell. Cells pass through the interphase, G1, S, and G2 stages
before they enter meiosis. The DNA inside a germline cell is
duplicated before meiosis begins during the S phase. The
duplicated germline chromosomes are called sister chromatids.
These chromatids remain attached to each other until the second
cell division event in meiosis.
There are two cell division events in meiosis. The first division,
Meiosis 1, results in 2 unique daughter cells that have half the
amount of DNA as the parent germline cells. The second division,
Meiosis 2, results in 4 unique haploid cells that only have 1 copy of
each chromosome. The haploid cells are the gametes that could
go on to produce an offspring through sexual reproduction.
Meiosis begins with Prophase 1. In this stage the DNA condenses
to form chromosomes. Duplicated sister chromatids join together at
the centromere. They stay fused at the centromere throughout
Meiosis 1.
, Next, each pair of homologous chromosomes undergoes synapsis
to form a complex involving 2 pairs of sister chromatids.
Chromosomal material is exchanged between the 2 pairs of sister
chromatids. This event is called recombination, or more
commonly, crossing over.
After crossing over, the sister chromatids for each chromosome are
no longer identical to one another. This is one of the reasons why
no two siblings aside from twins are genetically identical. There are
several more key steps in prophase 1.
NSG 530 / NSG 530
EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE
Advanced Pathophysiology – Wilkes
THIS GUIDE CONTAINS:
tailored to advanced practice nursing students
at Wilkes University.
Focusing on key concepts
is organized for clarity and comprehensive review.
Expert-Verified
,Study guide Exam 1.
Although this is a guide to help you focus you are still responsible for all of the
material that was covered, including information in discussion posts.
Remember the best way to prepare for any exam is to complete the required
readings and read all of the discussion posts. Exam 1 consists of 25 multiple-
choice questions.
1. Understand the process of meiosis related to homologous chromosomes.
Gametes are formed through the process of meiosis. The cells
that undergo meiosis to produce the gametes are called germline
cells. In diploid organisms (organism with 1 set of homologous
chromosome, i.e., organism has two copies of same gene in the
system. humans for
example has 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes, with 2 copies
of each gene on two chromosomes), germline cells have 2 copies
of each chromosome. Germline cells undergo meiosis to produce
haploid gametes, which have only 1 copy of each chromosome.
These haploid gametes fuse to form a diploid embryo that grows
into an adult. Meiosis is just 1 step in the lifecycle of a germline
cell. Cells pass through the interphase, G1, S, and G2 stages
before they enter meiosis. The DNA inside a germline cell is
duplicated before meiosis begins during the S phase. The
duplicated germline chromosomes are called sister chromatids.
These chromatids remain attached to each other until the second
cell division event in meiosis.
There are two cell division events in meiosis. The first division,
Meiosis 1, results in 2 unique daughter cells that have half the
amount of DNA as the parent germline cells. The second division,
Meiosis 2, results in 4 unique haploid cells that only have 1 copy of
each chromosome. The haploid cells are the gametes that could
go on to produce an offspring through sexual reproduction.
Meiosis begins with Prophase 1. In this stage the DNA condenses
to form chromosomes. Duplicated sister chromatids join together at
the centromere. They stay fused at the centromere throughout
Meiosis 1.
, Next, each pair of homologous chromosomes undergoes synapsis
to form a complex involving 2 pairs of sister chromatids.
Chromosomal material is exchanged between the 2 pairs of sister
chromatids. This event is called recombination, or more
commonly, crossing over.
After crossing over, the sister chromatids for each chromosome are
no longer identical to one another. This is one of the reasons why
no two siblings aside from twins are genetically identical. There are
several more key steps in prophase 1.
