for
VIVIAN
Media of Mass Communication
Eleventh Edition
Prepared by
Michael Turney
Northern Kentucky Univer
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Mass Media Literacy ..................................................................................................................................... 2
Chapter 2 Media Technology ........................................................................................................................................ 16
Chapter 3 Media Economics .......................................................................................................................................... 33
Chapter 4 Ink on Paper .................................................................................................................................................... 49
Chapter 5 Sound Media .................................................................................................................................................... 64
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,Chapter 6 Motion Media .................................................................................................................................................. 80
Chapter 7 New Media Landscape ............................................................................................................................... 96
Chapter 8 News ................................................................................................................................................................. 112
Chapter 9 Entertainment ............................................................................................................................................. 128
Chapter 10 Public Relations ...................................................................................................................................... 144
Chapter 11 Advertising................................................................................................................................................. 160
Chapter 12 Mass Audiences ....................................................................................................................................... 176
Chapter 13 Mass Media Effects ................................................................................................................................. 192
Chapter 14 Mass Media and Governance ............................................................................................................ 209
Chapter 15 Mass Media Globalization .................................................................................................................. 225
Chapter 16 Media Law................................................................................................................................................... 241
Chapter 17 Ethics ............................................................................................................................................................. 258
, Chapter 1 Mass Media Literacy
Chapter 1 Mass Media Literacy
1.1 Multiple-Choice Questions
1) Media researchers at Ball State University found that people are intentionally involved in a
media activity for __________ percent of their waking hours.
A) 1
B) 10
C) 30
D) 60
Answer: C, Topic: Media Ubiquity
Page Ref: 3
2) Traditionally, mass communication is defined as the technology-assisted transmission of
messages to
A) print journalists.
B) interpersonal audiences.
C) mass audiences.
D) only niche audiences.
Answer: C, Topic: Media Ubiquity
Page Ref: 4-5
3) According to the research firm Nielsen, the medium that is used much more per day than other
media is
A) music.
B) magazines.
C) television.
D) newspapers.
Answer: C, Topic: Media Ubiquity
Page Ref: 4
4) Mass media have become so integrated into people’s lives that __________ is common.
A) mainstreaming
B) media multitasking
C) writing letters
D) niche casting
Answer: B, Topic: Media Ubiquity
Page Ref: 4
5) On most days, the most-listened-for item in morning newscasts is
A) sports.
B) consumer news.
C) crime news.
D) the weather.
Answer: D, Topic: Media Ubiquity
Page Ref: 5
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6) Newspaper, radio, television and magazine companies cannot survive unless they
A) deliver an audience to advertisers.
B) provide the latest news.
C) offer low subscription rates.
D) serve the government.
Answer: A, Topic: Media Ubiquity
Page Ref: 5
7) The type of communication that occurs between two individuals, either by themselves or in a
small group is
A) mediated communication.
B) meta-communication.
C) interpersonal communication.
D) symbiotic communication.
Answer: C, Topic: Mediated Communication
Page Ref: 5
8) An executive participating in a business meeting is engaged in
A) group communication.
B) industrial communication.
C) intrapersonal communication.
D) mediated communication.
Answer: A, Topic: Mediated Communication
Page Ref: 5
9) In order for something to be categorized as group communication, the audience must
A) consist of more than 10 people.
B) not be able to provide immediate feedback.
C) bemore than one person and all be within earshot.
D) be a homogeneous group.
Answer: C, Topic: Mediated Communication
Page Ref: 5
10) Mass communication involves sending a message to a great number of people
A) who have paid or otherwise prepared to receive the message.
B) who are together in the same location so they can receive the message.
C) who are in widely separated locations.
D) who have common interests that make them a viable target audience.
Answer: C, Topic: Mediated Communication
Page Ref: 6
11) One characteristic that distinguishes mass communication from interpersonal and group
communication is the
A) content of the message.
B) lack of immediate feedback.
C) ability of the receiver of the message to understand it.
D) length of the message.
Answer: B, Topic: Mediated Communication
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, Chapter 1 Mass Media Literacy
Page Ref: 6
12) Which of the following social media traits is NOT shared with earlier, traditional mass media?
A) They reach millions of people in diverse locations.
B) They inform, persuade, amuse, and enlighten users.
C) They enable interactive dialogue among their users.
D) They bring in millions of dollars of revenue for their owners.
Answer: C, Topic: Mediated Communication
Page Ref: 7
13) Unlike production for industrial media, the production of content for social media
A) requires specialized skills, equipment, and training.
B) is primarily done by paid professional staff members.
C) is highly complicated, time consuming, and expensive.
D) uses readily accessible and affordable software tools.
Answer: D, Topic: Mediated Communication
Page Ref: 8
14) The mass media were almost entirely “word-centric” for hundreds of years until
A) libraries began using the Dewey Decimal System to categorize books.
B) it became technologically possible to duplicate and distribute images.
C) visual images became accepted as a form of communication as well as art.
D) motion pictures were invented and accepted as a mass medium.
Answer: B, Topic: Literacy for Media Consumers
Page Ref: 8
15) The term “visual literacy,” which is now part of the broader concept of media literacy, became
popular with scholars
A) trying to explain the importance of prehistoric cave-paintings discovered in France.
B) around 1850 in response to the invention and development of photography.
C) about 1900 after motion pictures began to add movement to visual images.
D) in the 1960s when the education products coordinator for Kodak wrote about it.
Answer: D, Topic: Literacy for Media Consumers
Page Ref: 9
16) Media literacy involves
A) having access to all forms of media.
B) knowledge about mass media and the application of critical thinking.
C) your financial stake in the media landscape.
D) the ability to read media textbooks.
Answer: B, Topic: Assessing Media Messages
Page Ref:10
17) Media literacy involves all of the following EXCEPT
A) not confusing messages and messengers.
B) understanding the limitations and possibilities of various media platforms.
C) having a clear framework for the history and traditions of media.
D) appropriately balancing the costs and benefits of various media messages.
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Answer: D, Topic: Assessing Media Messages
Page Ref: 10
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, Chapter 1 Mass Media Literacy
18) If Jill walks through a mall and notices the background music playing through the loudspeakers,
she is demonstrating
A) intelligence.
B) a sophisticated shopping strategy.
C) media literacy.
D) in-depth knowledge of the music industry.
Answer: C, Topic: Assessing Media Messages
Page Ref: 12
19) Most of our media exposure is
A) through the media products we purchase.
B) invisible or unnoticed at a conscious level.
C) through billboards.
D) expensive.
Answer: B, Topic: Assessing Media Messages
Page Ref: 12
20) Someone who condemns a reporter for supporting a politician because she quotes that
politician in a news story
A) has effectively demonstrated their media literacy.
B) has subconsciously revealed that they support the politician.
C) has fallen into the error of judgment addressed in the cliché about shooting the messenger.
D) has not adequately considered the editor’s role in telling the reporter what to report.
Answer: B, Topic: Assessing Media Messages
Page Ref: 12
21) One of the traditions of U.S. journalism implied in the Constitution is that the mass media
should report news and
A) be inexpensive enough for consumers to afford..
B) offer space so advertisers can reach their potential customers.
C) provide politicians with a venue to speak uncensored to the citizenry.
D) serve as a watchdog of government on behalf of the people.
Answer: D, Topic: Assessing Media Messages
Page Ref. 12
22) One of the four purposeful functions of mass communication is to
A) inform.
B) initiate.
C) instigate.
D) irritate.
Answer: A, Topic: Purposeful Mass Communication
Page Ref:14
23) One of the four purposeful functions of mass communication is to
A) patronize.
B) persuade.
C) promote.
D)publicize.
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Answer: B, Topic: Purposeful Mass Communication
Page Ref:14
24) One of the four purposeful functions of mass communication is to
A) amuse.
B) arouse.
C) assail.
D) assert.
Answer: A, Topic: Purposeful Mass Communication
Page Ref:17
25) One of the four purposeful functions of mass communication is to
A) encapsule.
B) energize.
C) enlighten.
D) envision.
Answer: C, Topic: Purposeful Mass Communication
Page Ref:17
26) The most visible form of information delivered by mass media is
A) personal opinion.
B) news.
C) advertising messages.
D) television listing.
Answer: B, Topic: Purposeful Mass Communication
Page Ref: 14
27) The most obvious form of mass media intended to persuade is
A) advertising.
B) books.
C) newspapers.
D) television.
Answer: A, Topic: Purposeful Mass Communication
Page Ref: 17
28) English thinker John Miltonadvocated exposure to competing ideas as the best way to discover
truth in a concept he termed the
A) information-persuasion dichotomy.
B) marketplace of ideas.
C) information revelation function.
D) media market.
Answer: B, Topic: Purposeful Mass Communication
Page Ref: 16
29) Intense rivalry between most successful media companies to reach the largest possible
audience and beat out their competition
A) is as old as the mass media themselves and continues to drive the media today.
B) is no longer a part of the media environment as a result of the Internet.
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, Chapter 1 Mass Media Literacy
C) intensified and later began to fade during the 20th century.
D) was an act staged by some unscrupulous media moguls to make more money.
Answer: C, Topic: Media and Society
Page Ref: 18
30) President Franklin Roosevelt’s nationwide radio addresses rallying support for programs to
combat the Great Depression demonstrated the mass media’s ability to
A) give equal time to opposing political viewpoints.
B) unify the country by presenting common messages and shared experiences.
C) make a profit by presenting political messages.
D) combine information and entertainment.
Answer B, Topic: Media and Society
Page Ref: 18
31) Network television broadcasts became a nationwide societal unifier because
A) they attracted huge audiences who all watched the same cultural fare.
B) prime time viewing hours encouraged people to stay at home with their families.
C)TV sets were manufactured in the United States and their sale created an economic boom.
D) people could choose from a wide variety of different types of programming.
Answer: A, Topic: Media and Society
Page Ref: 18
32) This national newspaper, launched in 1982, offered readers a “first-person” tone and enhanced
graphic features that set it apart from its competition.
A) The New York Times
B) The Wall Street Journal
C) USA Today
D) Newsday
Answer: C, Topic: Media and Society
Page Ref: 19
33) Which of the following media was among the first to demassify in the 1950s?
A) television
B) radio
C) magazines
D) newspapers
Answer: B, Topic: Media and Society
Page Ref: 19
34) Demassification has NOT contributed to the growth of
A) general-interest magazines.
B) alternative media for narrow genres in the mass audience.
C) cable television networks.
D) neighborhood and suburban weekly newspapers.
Answer: A, Topic: Media and Society
Page Ref: 19-20
35) A termcoined in the 1980s to describe how the broadcast industry reaches niche audiences is
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A) fringecasting.
B)fragcasting.
C) narrowcasting.
D) cablecasting.
Answer: C, Topic: Media and Society
Page Ref: 20
1.2 True/False Questions
1) Media literacy enables us to more effectively use the mass media for our own advantage and
avoid being conned by them.
Answer: TRUE, Topic: Media Tag-Alongs
Page Ref: 3
2) Although we don’t always pay attention to them, we are exposed to media messages more than
two-thirds of our waking hours.
Answer: TRUE, Topic: Media Ubiquity
Page Ref: 3
3) A study at Ball State University found that people intentionally spend 30 percent of their waking
hours with the media.
Answer: TRUE, Topic: Media Ubiquity
Page Ref: 3
4) The mass media are the vehicles through which messages are disseminated to mass audiences.
Answer: TRUE, Topic: Media Ubiquity
Page Ref: 3
5) Mass media have become so integrated into our lives that media multitasking is common.
Answer: TRUE, Topic: Media Ubiquity
Page Ref: 4
6) Instant messaging and e-mail are two of the newest mass media to emerge as a result of
computer technology.
Answer: FALSE, Topic Media Ubiquity
Page Ref: 5
7) Technology makes it possible to draw clear distinctions between interpersonal communication
and mass communication.
Answer: FALSE, Topic: Media Ubiquity
Page Ref: 5
8) People who use media, the industries that advertise in media and the companies built around
media have a symbiotic relationship.
Answer: TRUE, Topic: Media Ubiquity
Page Ref: 5
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