Principles of Nutrition-Exam 1 with
100% correct answers latest update
What is nutrition? - ANSThe science of food; the nutrients and the substances therein; their
action, interaction, and balance in relation to health and disease; and the processes by which
the organism ingests, digests, absorbs, transports, utilizes, and excretes food
What are the six essential nutrients? - ANScarbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals,
water
What are the macronutrients? - ANSNeed in large quantities: Carbs, proteins, lipids, water
What are the micronutrients? - ANSImportant, but less frequent: Vitamins, minerals
Which nutrients provide energy? - ANSCarbs, Lipids, Proteins
Which nutrients promote growth and development? - ANSProteins, lipids, some vitamins, some
minerals, water
What elements are carbohydrates composed of? - ANScarbon, hydrogen, oxygen
What are the main foods we get carbs from? - ANSfruits, vegetables, grains
What are the 2 main types of carbohydrates? - ANSsimple and complex
Simple carbs: - ANSsugars
Example: glucose
Complex carbs: - ANSpolysaccharides in food, glycogen in our bodies
Examples of complex carbs: fiber, starch, glycogen
Are lipids soluble in water? - ANSNO!--but soluble in organic solvents (like ethanol)
What elemts are lipids made up of? - ANScarbon, oxygen, hydrogen
What are triglycerides? - ANSmajor form of fat in food and major form of energy storage in our
bodies
What are the 2 types of lipids? - ANSsaturated, unsaturated fatty acids
, Which is healthier: saturated or unsaturated fatty acids? - ANSunsaturated--saturated fatty
acids raise blood pressure
What are 2 important types of unsaturated fatty acids? - ANSlinoleic acid and alpha-linolenic
acid (ESSENTIAL! roles are to be structural units of cell walls and help regulate blood pressure
and nerve transmissions. can get supply from vegetable oil or fish oil)
What are trans fatty acids? - ANSbad for health--have been processed to change their
structure from -cis end to -trans end
What are the functions of lipids? - ANSprovide 9 kcal of energy, energy storage, hormone
synthesis, membrane
What elements are proteins composed of? - ANScarbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen
What are the functions of proteins? - ANSprovide 4 kcal of energy, blood transport, enzymes,
muscle, cell signaling
There are 20 amino acids--how many of them are essential? - ANS9
What are the two types of vitamins? - ANSwater-soluble, fat soluble
Which vitamins are water soluble? - ANSC & B
Characteristics of water soluble vitamins? - ANSmore easily excreted from the body (thru
urine), easily destroyed by cooking
Which vitamins are fat soluble? - ANSA, D, E, K
Characteristics of fat soluble vitamins? - ANSmore easily stored in the body, greater risk for
toxicity
What is the function of vitamins? - ANSto enable chemical reactions
What is the function of minerals? - ANSwater balance, nervous system, muscle contraction,
enable chemical reactions, etc
What are the two subcategories of minerals? - ANSmajor minerals, trace minerals
What are major minerals? - ANSrequired in gram amounts: sodium, potassium, chloride,
calcium, and phosphorous
What are trace minerals? - ANSrequired less than 100 mg daily: iron, zinc, copper, selenium
100% correct answers latest update
What is nutrition? - ANSThe science of food; the nutrients and the substances therein; their
action, interaction, and balance in relation to health and disease; and the processes by which
the organism ingests, digests, absorbs, transports, utilizes, and excretes food
What are the six essential nutrients? - ANScarbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals,
water
What are the macronutrients? - ANSNeed in large quantities: Carbs, proteins, lipids, water
What are the micronutrients? - ANSImportant, but less frequent: Vitamins, minerals
Which nutrients provide energy? - ANSCarbs, Lipids, Proteins
Which nutrients promote growth and development? - ANSProteins, lipids, some vitamins, some
minerals, water
What elements are carbohydrates composed of? - ANScarbon, hydrogen, oxygen
What are the main foods we get carbs from? - ANSfruits, vegetables, grains
What are the 2 main types of carbohydrates? - ANSsimple and complex
Simple carbs: - ANSsugars
Example: glucose
Complex carbs: - ANSpolysaccharides in food, glycogen in our bodies
Examples of complex carbs: fiber, starch, glycogen
Are lipids soluble in water? - ANSNO!--but soluble in organic solvents (like ethanol)
What elemts are lipids made up of? - ANScarbon, oxygen, hydrogen
What are triglycerides? - ANSmajor form of fat in food and major form of energy storage in our
bodies
What are the 2 types of lipids? - ANSsaturated, unsaturated fatty acids
, Which is healthier: saturated or unsaturated fatty acids? - ANSunsaturated--saturated fatty
acids raise blood pressure
What are 2 important types of unsaturated fatty acids? - ANSlinoleic acid and alpha-linolenic
acid (ESSENTIAL! roles are to be structural units of cell walls and help regulate blood pressure
and nerve transmissions. can get supply from vegetable oil or fish oil)
What are trans fatty acids? - ANSbad for health--have been processed to change their
structure from -cis end to -trans end
What are the functions of lipids? - ANSprovide 9 kcal of energy, energy storage, hormone
synthesis, membrane
What elements are proteins composed of? - ANScarbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen
What are the functions of proteins? - ANSprovide 4 kcal of energy, blood transport, enzymes,
muscle, cell signaling
There are 20 amino acids--how many of them are essential? - ANS9
What are the two types of vitamins? - ANSwater-soluble, fat soluble
Which vitamins are water soluble? - ANSC & B
Characteristics of water soluble vitamins? - ANSmore easily excreted from the body (thru
urine), easily destroyed by cooking
Which vitamins are fat soluble? - ANSA, D, E, K
Characteristics of fat soluble vitamins? - ANSmore easily stored in the body, greater risk for
toxicity
What is the function of vitamins? - ANSto enable chemical reactions
What is the function of minerals? - ANSwater balance, nervous system, muscle contraction,
enable chemical reactions, etc
What are the two subcategories of minerals? - ANSmajor minerals, trace minerals
What are major minerals? - ANSrequired in gram amounts: sodium, potassium, chloride,
calcium, and phosphorous
What are trace minerals? - ANSrequired less than 100 mg daily: iron, zinc, copper, selenium
