BBP EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What is an epsp and an ipsp? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅excitatory post synaptic potential
(depolarization), inhibitory post synaptic potential (hyper polarization)
What is temporal summation? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Graded potentials that occur at the same time
on a membrane
What is spatial summation? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Graded potentials that occur at the same location
on a membrane
What is an EEG and what does it measure? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Electroencephalogram can be used
to record electrical activity of the brain
What are the 4 proofs of a neurotransmitter? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅chemical must be present,
produce a response, have same receptor action during experimentation, and have a mechanism for
removal
What are the steps in neurotransmission? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅synthesis, release, receptor action,
and inactivation
What is the role of Ca++ at the synapse? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅forms complex with calmodulin and
releases neurotransmitters inducing others to bind to presynaptic membrane + empty contents
What is a Hebb synapse? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅cells that fire together wire together
What is habituation? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation
How was Aplysia used to study habituation? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅shock snail
Where does habituation occur within the gill withdrawal reflex? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅at calcium
channel
, What is sensitization? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅an increase in behavioral response after exposure to a
stimulus
How was the Aplysia used to study sensitization? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅water shoots at snail
Where does sensitization occur within the gill withdrawal reflex? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅at the synapse
What is the role of calcium in habituation and sensitization? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅decreased Ca with
habituations and increased with sensitization
How are long term changes at the synapse reflected in habituation and sensitization? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅habituation= fewer synapses , sensitization= more synapses
What are the three classes of neurotransmitters? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅amino acids, amines,
peptides
What are the two classes of receptors and how do they affect cell function (i.e.,inhibition vs. excitation)?
- CORRECT ANSWER✅✅ionotrophic-excitatory , metabotrophic-inhibitory
What are the 4 neurochemical systems and what are there functions? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅Cholinergic(memory), dopaminergic (rewards), norandrenergic (cortical arousal), and
serotonergic
(depression)
What is origin of the mesolimbic pathway and what is its functions? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅ventral
tegmentum- reward and pleasure/ addiciton
What is origin of the nigrostriatal pathway and what is its functions? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅substantia
nigra- movement control
What is an epsp and an ipsp? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅excitatory post synaptic potential
(depolarization), inhibitory post synaptic potential (hyper polarization)
What is temporal summation? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Graded potentials that occur at the same time
on a membrane
What is spatial summation? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Graded potentials that occur at the same location
on a membrane
What is an EEG and what does it measure? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Electroencephalogram can be used
to record electrical activity of the brain
What are the 4 proofs of a neurotransmitter? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅chemical must be present,
produce a response, have same receptor action during experimentation, and have a mechanism for
removal
What are the steps in neurotransmission? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅synthesis, release, receptor action,
and inactivation
What is the role of Ca++ at the synapse? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅forms complex with calmodulin and
releases neurotransmitters inducing others to bind to presynaptic membrane + empty contents
What is a Hebb synapse? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅cells that fire together wire together
What is habituation? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation
How was Aplysia used to study habituation? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅shock snail
Where does habituation occur within the gill withdrawal reflex? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅at calcium
channel
, What is sensitization? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅an increase in behavioral response after exposure to a
stimulus
How was the Aplysia used to study sensitization? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅water shoots at snail
Where does sensitization occur within the gill withdrawal reflex? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅at the synapse
What is the role of calcium in habituation and sensitization? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅decreased Ca with
habituations and increased with sensitization
How are long term changes at the synapse reflected in habituation and sensitization? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅habituation= fewer synapses , sensitization= more synapses
What are the three classes of neurotransmitters? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅amino acids, amines,
peptides
What are the two classes of receptors and how do they affect cell function (i.e.,inhibition vs. excitation)?
- CORRECT ANSWER✅✅ionotrophic-excitatory , metabotrophic-inhibitory
What are the 4 neurochemical systems and what are there functions? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅Cholinergic(memory), dopaminergic (rewards), norandrenergic (cortical arousal), and
serotonergic
(depression)
What is origin of the mesolimbic pathway and what is its functions? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅ventral
tegmentum- reward and pleasure/ addiciton
What is origin of the nigrostriatal pathway and what is its functions? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅substantia
nigra- movement control
