BCS 205 Exam 2 questions and
answers graded A+
True or false: the relative charge across a neuron plasma membrane is negative outside the cell
relative to the inside of the cell - correct answer ✔✔False
Membrane pumps require ______ energy. - correct answer ✔✔a lot of
Describe the general functions of blood - correct answer ✔✔transportation, regulation,
protection
List six characteristics that describe blood and explain the significance of each to health and
homeostasis - correct answer ✔✔Color, volume, viscosity, plasma concentration, temperature,
blood pH
List the three components of a centrifuged blood sample - correct answer ✔✔plasma (55%),
buffy coat (1%), erythrocytes(44%)
Define hematocrit, and explain how the medical definition differs from the clinical usage. -
correct answer ✔✔Percentage of volume of all formed elements in the blood
Clinical definition : percentage of only erythrocytes (red blood cells)
Name all three formed elements of the blood and compare their relative abundance - correct
answer ✔✔Erythrocytes 4.8 female 5.4 male, leukocytes 4500 to 11,000 UL,
platelets 150,000 to 400,000
,Define colloid osmotic pressure, and explain how plasma protein levels affect colloid osmotic
pressure. - correct answer ✔✔The osmotic force exerted by plasma proteins to draw fluids into
the blood and prevent fluid loss from blood capillaries into the interstitial fluid. The greater the
protein concentration, the greater the osmotic pressure to draw fluids.
List the various types of plasma proteins and explain the general function of each - correct
answer ✔✔Albumin- smallest and most abundant 58% of plasma proteins, greatest osmotic
pressure contributor also transport substances when the blood
Globulins 37% alpha, small beta, large bind and transport, certain lipids and hormones some
metals and ions, gamma, globulins, immunoglobulins or antibodies for immunity
Fibrinogen 4% blood clot formation
Regulatory proteins, less than one percent enzymes and hormone support
List the major solutes found in plasma. - correct answer ✔✔Electrolytes- sodium, potassium,
calcium, hydrogen chloride, bicarbonate phosphate.
Glucose amino acids, lactate, lipids, (cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids,) respiratory gases.
Explain the general process of hematopoiesis, including the name of the hematopoietic, stem
cells and substances involved in hematopoiesis - correct answer ✔✔Hematopoiesis the
production informed elements in the blood hematopoietic stem cells called hemocytoblast and
red blown marrow differentiate and develop into many different kinds of cells my lines from the
erythrocytes and leukocytes except lymphocytes and sites lymphoid lines form lymphocytes
Just grab the process of erythropoiesis - correct answer ✔✔• myeloid stem cells under the
influence of multi colony, stimulating factors form, progenitor cells
• Progin, her cells form proerythroblasts (large, nucleated) that become erythroblast that
produce hemoglobin protein in their cytosol.
• Erythroblasts differentiate into normal blast, and these cells eject the nucleus to provide more
space for hemoglobin.
• reticulocytes form, normal blast and produced more hemoglobin
• The process takes about five days
, Compare the production of granulocytes, monocytes, and lymphocytes and leukopoiesis -
correct answer ✔✔Granulocytes and monocytes are both derived from a myeloid stem cell that
differentiates into a progenitor cell. Lymphocytes are derived from a lymphoid stem cell and
mature into B-lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes.
Summarize the process by which platelets are formed in thrombopoiesis - correct answer
✔✔Platelets are derived from megakaryocytes in the red bone marrow. Megakaryocytes extend
long processes (called proplatelets) through the blood vessel wall. These proproplatelets are
spliced by the force of the blood flow into platelets, which then circulate in the blood.
Describe the structure of erythrocytes - correct answer ✔✔Small flexible, bioconcave discs with
no nucleus. They are approximately 7.5 UM and diameter.
List the events by which erythrocyte production is stimulated. - correct answer ✔✔Low blood
oxygen levels are detected by kidney chemoreceptors, which triggers the release of
erythropoietin (EPO) into the blood. EPO stimulates the red bone marrow to produce more
erythrocytes. EPO release is then inhibited when blood oxygen levels rise.
Explain the process by which erythrocyte components are recycled - correct answer
✔✔Erythrocytes circulate in the blood for about 120 days, after which they are phagocytized by
macrophages in the liver and spleen.Three molecular components must be accounted for in the
destruction of hemoglobin: the globin protein, iron ion, and the heme group.
- Globin proteins are broken down into amino acids and enter the blood. Some of these amino
acids may be used to make new erythrocytes.
- Small amounts of iron are lost, where some is stored in the liver and transported by transferrin
into the red bone marrow as need for erythrocyte production.
- Heme (minus the iron) is converted to biliverdin, which is then converted to billirubin.
Compare and contrast a different blood types in their importance when transfusing blood -
correct answer ✔✔- Type A blood has erythrocytes with surface antigen A and anti-B antibodies
in its blood plasma.
answers graded A+
True or false: the relative charge across a neuron plasma membrane is negative outside the cell
relative to the inside of the cell - correct answer ✔✔False
Membrane pumps require ______ energy. - correct answer ✔✔a lot of
Describe the general functions of blood - correct answer ✔✔transportation, regulation,
protection
List six characteristics that describe blood and explain the significance of each to health and
homeostasis - correct answer ✔✔Color, volume, viscosity, plasma concentration, temperature,
blood pH
List the three components of a centrifuged blood sample - correct answer ✔✔plasma (55%),
buffy coat (1%), erythrocytes(44%)
Define hematocrit, and explain how the medical definition differs from the clinical usage. -
correct answer ✔✔Percentage of volume of all formed elements in the blood
Clinical definition : percentage of only erythrocytes (red blood cells)
Name all three formed elements of the blood and compare their relative abundance - correct
answer ✔✔Erythrocytes 4.8 female 5.4 male, leukocytes 4500 to 11,000 UL,
platelets 150,000 to 400,000
,Define colloid osmotic pressure, and explain how plasma protein levels affect colloid osmotic
pressure. - correct answer ✔✔The osmotic force exerted by plasma proteins to draw fluids into
the blood and prevent fluid loss from blood capillaries into the interstitial fluid. The greater the
protein concentration, the greater the osmotic pressure to draw fluids.
List the various types of plasma proteins and explain the general function of each - correct
answer ✔✔Albumin- smallest and most abundant 58% of plasma proteins, greatest osmotic
pressure contributor also transport substances when the blood
Globulins 37% alpha, small beta, large bind and transport, certain lipids and hormones some
metals and ions, gamma, globulins, immunoglobulins or antibodies for immunity
Fibrinogen 4% blood clot formation
Regulatory proteins, less than one percent enzymes and hormone support
List the major solutes found in plasma. - correct answer ✔✔Electrolytes- sodium, potassium,
calcium, hydrogen chloride, bicarbonate phosphate.
Glucose amino acids, lactate, lipids, (cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids,) respiratory gases.
Explain the general process of hematopoiesis, including the name of the hematopoietic, stem
cells and substances involved in hematopoiesis - correct answer ✔✔Hematopoiesis the
production informed elements in the blood hematopoietic stem cells called hemocytoblast and
red blown marrow differentiate and develop into many different kinds of cells my lines from the
erythrocytes and leukocytes except lymphocytes and sites lymphoid lines form lymphocytes
Just grab the process of erythropoiesis - correct answer ✔✔• myeloid stem cells under the
influence of multi colony, stimulating factors form, progenitor cells
• Progin, her cells form proerythroblasts (large, nucleated) that become erythroblast that
produce hemoglobin protein in their cytosol.
• Erythroblasts differentiate into normal blast, and these cells eject the nucleus to provide more
space for hemoglobin.
• reticulocytes form, normal blast and produced more hemoglobin
• The process takes about five days
, Compare the production of granulocytes, monocytes, and lymphocytes and leukopoiesis -
correct answer ✔✔Granulocytes and monocytes are both derived from a myeloid stem cell that
differentiates into a progenitor cell. Lymphocytes are derived from a lymphoid stem cell and
mature into B-lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes.
Summarize the process by which platelets are formed in thrombopoiesis - correct answer
✔✔Platelets are derived from megakaryocytes in the red bone marrow. Megakaryocytes extend
long processes (called proplatelets) through the blood vessel wall. These proproplatelets are
spliced by the force of the blood flow into platelets, which then circulate in the blood.
Describe the structure of erythrocytes - correct answer ✔✔Small flexible, bioconcave discs with
no nucleus. They are approximately 7.5 UM and diameter.
List the events by which erythrocyte production is stimulated. - correct answer ✔✔Low blood
oxygen levels are detected by kidney chemoreceptors, which triggers the release of
erythropoietin (EPO) into the blood. EPO stimulates the red bone marrow to produce more
erythrocytes. EPO release is then inhibited when blood oxygen levels rise.
Explain the process by which erythrocyte components are recycled - correct answer
✔✔Erythrocytes circulate in the blood for about 120 days, after which they are phagocytized by
macrophages in the liver and spleen.Three molecular components must be accounted for in the
destruction of hemoglobin: the globin protein, iron ion, and the heme group.
- Globin proteins are broken down into amino acids and enter the blood. Some of these amino
acids may be used to make new erythrocytes.
- Small amounts of iron are lost, where some is stored in the liver and transported by transferrin
into the red bone marrow as need for erythrocyte production.
- Heme (minus the iron) is converted to biliverdin, which is then converted to billirubin.
Compare and contrast a different blood types in their importance when transfusing blood -
correct answer ✔✔- Type A blood has erythrocytes with surface antigen A and anti-B antibodies
in its blood plasma.
