PRN EXAM 2 STUDY GUIDE 2025
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Vitamin A Food source/Deficiency - ANS Food source: Chicken livers, sweet potato with skin,
Carrots, Spinach, Pumpkin
Deficiency: Night blindness, exophthalmia, susceptibility to epithelial infection, dry skin,
impaired immunity, grown and reproduction
Vitamin D Food source/Deficiency - ANS Food source: Tuna fish, whole or fortified milk,
fortified soy milk, and fortified cereal
Deficiency: Rickets (softening and weakening of bones in children) osteomalacia (occurs in
children and adults) osteoporosis (risk of broken bones)
Vitamin K Food source/Deficiency - ANS Food source: Green leafy vegetables, tuna fish and
tomato sauce
Deficiency: Hemorrhagic disease, bleeding problems in newborns, defective blood clotting, easy
bruising
Phosphorus Food source/Benefits - ANS Food source: Milk, cheese, meat, egg yolk, whole
grains, legumes and nuts
Benefits: Component of bones and teeth, absorption of glucose, manage how the body stores
and uses energy and reduces muscle pain after exercise
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, Clients at risk for dehydration? - ANS Infant/Chlindren (most likely to develop diahrrea and
vomiting)
Older adults
People with chronic illnesses
People who work or exercise outside
Fluid overload/Disease that could lead to this? - ANS Fluid overload: a.k.a Hypervolemia (too
much fluid in the blood)
Signs: swelling in the legs, arms, skin noticeable, fluid in abdomen
Disease: Cardiovascular (HF/heart failure), Nephrotic syndrome and liver damage to kidney
failure
BMI (body mass index)/Ranges: - ANS BMI: a measure of height and weight
Formula: weight(lb)/height(in)2 times 703
Ranges: Adults is 18.5-24.9 (normal/healthy)
If below 18.5 (underweight)
25-29.9 (overweight)
30-39.9 (obese)
Basal Metabolic Rate: - ANS The amount of energy needed to maintain the body at rest and
how many calories you would burn if you were to do nothing but rest for 24 hours
Dietary Guidelines for Americans: - ANS 1. Healthy eating patterns, appropriate calorie level
to maintain body weight, adequacy of nutrients, reduce risks of chronic disease
2 Copyright ©2025 SIRJOEL ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Vitamin A Food source/Deficiency - ANS Food source: Chicken livers, sweet potato with skin,
Carrots, Spinach, Pumpkin
Deficiency: Night blindness, exophthalmia, susceptibility to epithelial infection, dry skin,
impaired immunity, grown and reproduction
Vitamin D Food source/Deficiency - ANS Food source: Tuna fish, whole or fortified milk,
fortified soy milk, and fortified cereal
Deficiency: Rickets (softening and weakening of bones in children) osteomalacia (occurs in
children and adults) osteoporosis (risk of broken bones)
Vitamin K Food source/Deficiency - ANS Food source: Green leafy vegetables, tuna fish and
tomato sauce
Deficiency: Hemorrhagic disease, bleeding problems in newborns, defective blood clotting, easy
bruising
Phosphorus Food source/Benefits - ANS Food source: Milk, cheese, meat, egg yolk, whole
grains, legumes and nuts
Benefits: Component of bones and teeth, absorption of glucose, manage how the body stores
and uses energy and reduces muscle pain after exercise
1 Copyright ©2025 SIRJOEL ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, Clients at risk for dehydration? - ANS Infant/Chlindren (most likely to develop diahrrea and
vomiting)
Older adults
People with chronic illnesses
People who work or exercise outside
Fluid overload/Disease that could lead to this? - ANS Fluid overload: a.k.a Hypervolemia (too
much fluid in the blood)
Signs: swelling in the legs, arms, skin noticeable, fluid in abdomen
Disease: Cardiovascular (HF/heart failure), Nephrotic syndrome and liver damage to kidney
failure
BMI (body mass index)/Ranges: - ANS BMI: a measure of height and weight
Formula: weight(lb)/height(in)2 times 703
Ranges: Adults is 18.5-24.9 (normal/healthy)
If below 18.5 (underweight)
25-29.9 (overweight)
30-39.9 (obese)
Basal Metabolic Rate: - ANS The amount of energy needed to maintain the body at rest and
how many calories you would burn if you were to do nothing but rest for 24 hours
Dietary Guidelines for Americans: - ANS 1. Healthy eating patterns, appropriate calorie level
to maintain body weight, adequacy of nutrients, reduce risks of chronic disease
2 Copyright ©2025 SIRJOEL ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
