Texas A&M Biology 111 Lab 5 Quiz Prep Questions and Answers correct

Texas A&M Biology 111 Lab 5 Quiz Prep Questions and Answers correct What do cells do? Replicate, have metabolic functions, and pass the genetic "DNA code" to the next generation. What is the 1/3 criteria for Cell Theory? Organisms consist of one or more cells, and each cell is able to maintain life's processes. What is the 2/3 criteria for Cell Theory? Cells are the smallest living things. What is the 3/3 criteria for Cell Theory? Cells are formed by division of a previously existing cell. Therefore, life represents a continuous line of descent from progenitor cells. Prokaryotic Cells? Similar to modern bacteria. Eukaryotic Cells? Larger and have internal membranes with thicker cell walls. Eukaryotic Cells are characterized by what? Membrane bound organelles, such as Nucleus, Mitochondria, and Chloroplasts. Organelles are the sites of what? Metabolic function in cells. What is the nucleus? The command and control center and houses genetic DNA. What is Endosymbiosis? Mitochondria and chloroplasts products. What does Mitochondria do? Provide the energy eukaryotes need to survive. What do Carbohydrates do? Manufacture the carbohydrates that are the basis of the food web upon which life depends on. Similarities in Mitochondria and Chloroplasts. Both organelles have circular, closed DNA molecules similar to those found in bacteria. Mitochondrial DNA contains genes that encode essential proteins for cellular respiration. 2. Both organelles have bacteria-like ribosomes, separate from the ribosomes of the primary cell. 3. The outer membrane structure of the organelles is similar to the membrane structure of prokaryotes. 4. Mitochondria and bacteria both divide by simple fission. 5. Molecular evidence indicates mitochondrial DNA is descended from an ancestor that is related to modern parasitic bacteria living inside other cells. 6. Chloroplasts are likely derived from a blue-green bacterial ancestor. Since there are several classes of chloroplasts, they most likely represent more than one endosymbiotic event. What does the Endoplasmic Reticulum do? Divde the cell into specialized compartments. Non-membranous bound structures include? Ribosomes, centrioles, microtubules, and microfilaments. Where are the cellular structures immersed in? Protein rich, jelly-like fluid called Cytosol. What is a Vacuole? A large, membranous-bound structure that stores water, pigments, and wastes. What are Plastids responsible for? Tosynthesis(chloroplasts), Starch storage(Leucoplasts), and pigment storage(Chromoplasts). What is the Cell Wall composed of? Cellulose, lies outside of the plasma membrane. What four bacterium are worked on in lab? Paramecium, Elodea, Euglena, and Human Cheek Cell. What are Paramecium? Single-celled eukaryotes that live in freshwater ponds. What do Paramecium contain? Large Marconucleus which controls metabolic functions, and small Micronucleus that is involved in reproduction. What do Contractile Vacuoles remove? Excess water that enters the cell by crossing the plasma membrane. What does the Oral Groove do? Directs food to the mouth. What are Pellicle? Thread-like trichocysts which discharge long, sticky protein threads when stimulated. What are Microfilaments? Solid rods of twisted actin protein molecules that occur in eukaryotes. What do Microfilaments provide? Support, essential to muscle function, aid movement of single-celled organisms, and may drive Cyclosis in plant cells. What is Cyclosis? The circular flow of the cytosol which speeds the distribution of materials within large plant cells. What do Euglena use for movement? A large flagellum. Eukaryotic flagella resemble what? Cilia in that both have central core of microtubules sheathed in extensions of the plasma membrane. How do Eukaryotic Flagella differ in Cilia? Flagellated cells usually have one or two flagella. Unlike Cilia, which beat back and forth, flagella undulate? Up and down to drive the cell forward. What is dropped in the Euglena? Methyl Cellulose. Animal Cells lack what? Vacuoles, plastids, and the cell wall present in plant cells. In simple cells? DNA is loosely concentrated in a nucleoid region of the cell and cell functions are carried out in the cytosol or cytoplasm. Blue-green bacteria are? The smallest and most abundant photosynthetic organisms. Where do Cyanobacteria carry their chlorophyll? In thylakoid membranes scattered throughout the cytosol. What basic shapes do bacteria have? Plural cocci, plural bacilli, and plural spirilla. What type of species are there? Free-living, parasitic, and pathogenic. What are the three species studied? Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Spirillum volutans. What are Gram positive bacteria? A complex amino sugars that form a cell wall outside of the plasma membrane. What are Gram negative bacteria? A simpler cell wall with less peptidoglycan. What is a Grams Stains Test used for? To indicate cell wall type. Gram positive bacteria appear? Purple blue. Gram negative bacteria appear? Pink.