harm. This raises questions about the effectiveness of current legal structures in promoting environmental
justice.#### 7.2 **Climate Change and Global Responsibility**Climate change presents a particularly
difficult ethical and legal challenge. While the causes of climate change are now widely accepted (mainly
human activities such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation), the responsibility for addressing climate
change is unevenly distributed across the globe. Wealthier nations, which have historically contributed
more to greenhouse gas emissions, face pressure to take on a greater share of the responsibility for
mitigating the effects of climate change. On the other hand, developing countries, which are often the
most vulnerable to climate impacts, argue that their right to economic development should not be
Test Bank for
Lowdermilk's Maternity & Women’s Health Care 12th Edition Comprehensive NCLEX
Style Questions
Chapter 01: 21st Century Maternity and Women’s Health Nursing
Lowdermilk: Maternity & Women’s Health Care, 12th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. In evaluating the level of a pregnant woman’s risk of having a low-birth-weight (LBW)
infant, which factor is the most important for the nurse to consider?
a. African-American race
b. Cigarette smoking
c. Poor nutritional status
d. Limited maternal education
ANS: A
The rise in the overall LBW rates were due to increases in LBW births to non-Hispanic
black women (13.35%) and Hispanic women (7.21%); non-Hispanic black infants are
almost twice as likely as non-Hispanic white infants to be of LBW and to die in the first
year of life.. Race is a nonmodifiable risk factor. Cigarette smoking is an important factor in
potential infant mortality rates, but it is not the most important. Additionally, smoking is a
modifiable risk factor. Poor nutrition is an important factor in potential infant mortality
rates, but it is not the most important. Additionally, nutritional status is a modifiable risk
factor. Maternal education is an important factor in potential infant mortality rates, but it is
not the most important. Additionally, maternal education is a modifiable risk factor.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand
TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment
MSC: Client Needs: HealtN
hUPR mI
roS ioG
otN nTanBd.M
CaOinMtenance, Antepartum Care
2. A 23-year-old African-American woman is pregnant with her first child. Based on current
statistics for infant mortality, which intervention is most important for the nurse to include
in the client’s plan of care?
a. Perform a nutrition assessment.
b. Refer the woman to a social worker.
c. Advise the woman to see an obstetrician, not a midwife.
d. Explain to the woman the importance of keeping her prenatal care appointments.
ANS: D
Consistent prenatal care is the best method of preventing or controlling risk factors
associated with infant mortality. Nutritional status is an important modifiable risk factor, but
it is not the most important action a nurse should take in this situation. The client may need
, assistance from a social worker at some time during her pregnancy, but a referral to a social
worker is not the most important aspect the nurse should address at this time. If the woman
has identifiable high-risk problems, then her health care may need to be provided by a
physician. However, it cannot be assumed that all African-American women have high-risk
issues. In addition, advising the woman to see an obstetrician is not the most important
aspect on which the nurse should focus at this time, and it is not appropriate for a nurse to
advise or manage the type of care a client is to receive.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand
TOP: Nursing Process: Planning
MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
3. During a prenatal intake interview, the nurse is in the process of obtaining an initial
assessment of a 21-year-old Hispanic client with limited English proficiency. Which
intervention is the most important for the nurse to implement?
a. Use maternity jargon to enable the client to become familiar with these terms.
b. Speak quickly and efficiently to expedite the visit.
c. Provide the client with handouts.
d. Assess whether the client understands the discussion.
ANS: D
Nurses contribute to health literacy by using simple, common words, avoiding jargon, and
evaluating whether the client understands the discussion. Speaking slowly and clearly and
focusing on what is important will increase understanding. Most client education materials
are written at a level too high for the average adult and may not be useful for a client with
limited English proficiency.
harm. This raises questions about the effectiveness of current legal structures in promoting
environmental justice.#### 7.2 **Climate Change and Global Responsibility**Climate change
presents a particularly difficult ethical and legal challenge. While the causes of climate change are now
widely accepted (mainly human activities such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation), the
responsibility for addressing climate change is unevenly distributed across the globe. Wealthier nations,
which have historically contributed more to greenhouse gas emissions, face pressure to take on a
greater share of the responsibility for mitigating the effects of climate change. On the other hand,
developing countries, which are often the most vulnerable to climate impacts, argue that their right to
economic development should not be
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply
TOP: Nursing Process: Implementation
MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
4. The nurses working at a newly established birthing center have begun to compare their
performance in providing maternal-newborn care against clinical standards. This
comparison process is most commonly known as what?
a. Best practices network
b. Clinical benchmarking
c. Outcomes-oriented pracNtice
d. Evidence-based practice
ANS: C
Outcomes-oriented practice measures the effectiveness of the interventions and quality of
care against benchmarks or standards. The term best practice refers to a program or service
that has been recognized for its excellence. Clinical benchmarking is a process used to
compare one’s own performance against the performance of the best in an area of service.
The term evidence-based practice refers to the provision of care based on evidence gained
through research and clinical trials.
justice.#### 7.2 **Climate Change and Global Responsibility**Climate change presents a particularly
difficult ethical and legal challenge. While the causes of climate change are now widely accepted (mainly
human activities such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation), the responsibility for addressing climate
change is unevenly distributed across the globe. Wealthier nations, which have historically contributed
more to greenhouse gas emissions, face pressure to take on a greater share of the responsibility for
mitigating the effects of climate change. On the other hand, developing countries, which are often the
most vulnerable to climate impacts, argue that their right to economic development should not be
Test Bank for
Lowdermilk's Maternity & Women’s Health Care 12th Edition Comprehensive NCLEX
Style Questions
Chapter 01: 21st Century Maternity and Women’s Health Nursing
Lowdermilk: Maternity & Women’s Health Care, 12th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. In evaluating the level of a pregnant woman’s risk of having a low-birth-weight (LBW)
infant, which factor is the most important for the nurse to consider?
a. African-American race
b. Cigarette smoking
c. Poor nutritional status
d. Limited maternal education
ANS: A
The rise in the overall LBW rates were due to increases in LBW births to non-Hispanic
black women (13.35%) and Hispanic women (7.21%); non-Hispanic black infants are
almost twice as likely as non-Hispanic white infants to be of LBW and to die in the first
year of life.. Race is a nonmodifiable risk factor. Cigarette smoking is an important factor in
potential infant mortality rates, but it is not the most important. Additionally, smoking is a
modifiable risk factor. Poor nutrition is an important factor in potential infant mortality
rates, but it is not the most important. Additionally, nutritional status is a modifiable risk
factor. Maternal education is an important factor in potential infant mortality rates, but it is
not the most important. Additionally, maternal education is a modifiable risk factor.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand
TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment
MSC: Client Needs: HealtN
hUPR mI
roS ioG
otN nTanBd.M
CaOinMtenance, Antepartum Care
2. A 23-year-old African-American woman is pregnant with her first child. Based on current
statistics for infant mortality, which intervention is most important for the nurse to include
in the client’s plan of care?
a. Perform a nutrition assessment.
b. Refer the woman to a social worker.
c. Advise the woman to see an obstetrician, not a midwife.
d. Explain to the woman the importance of keeping her prenatal care appointments.
ANS: D
Consistent prenatal care is the best method of preventing or controlling risk factors
associated with infant mortality. Nutritional status is an important modifiable risk factor, but
it is not the most important action a nurse should take in this situation. The client may need
, assistance from a social worker at some time during her pregnancy, but a referral to a social
worker is not the most important aspect the nurse should address at this time. If the woman
has identifiable high-risk problems, then her health care may need to be provided by a
physician. However, it cannot be assumed that all African-American women have high-risk
issues. In addition, advising the woman to see an obstetrician is not the most important
aspect on which the nurse should focus at this time, and it is not appropriate for a nurse to
advise or manage the type of care a client is to receive.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand
TOP: Nursing Process: Planning
MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
3. During a prenatal intake interview, the nurse is in the process of obtaining an initial
assessment of a 21-year-old Hispanic client with limited English proficiency. Which
intervention is the most important for the nurse to implement?
a. Use maternity jargon to enable the client to become familiar with these terms.
b. Speak quickly and efficiently to expedite the visit.
c. Provide the client with handouts.
d. Assess whether the client understands the discussion.
ANS: D
Nurses contribute to health literacy by using simple, common words, avoiding jargon, and
evaluating whether the client understands the discussion. Speaking slowly and clearly and
focusing on what is important will increase understanding. Most client education materials
are written at a level too high for the average adult and may not be useful for a client with
limited English proficiency.
harm. This raises questions about the effectiveness of current legal structures in promoting
environmental justice.#### 7.2 **Climate Change and Global Responsibility**Climate change
presents a particularly difficult ethical and legal challenge. While the causes of climate change are now
widely accepted (mainly human activities such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation), the
responsibility for addressing climate change is unevenly distributed across the globe. Wealthier nations,
which have historically contributed more to greenhouse gas emissions, face pressure to take on a
greater share of the responsibility for mitigating the effects of climate change. On the other hand,
developing countries, which are often the most vulnerable to climate impacts, argue that their right to
economic development should not be
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply
TOP: Nursing Process: Implementation
MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
4. The nurses working at a newly established birthing center have begun to compare their
performance in providing maternal-newborn care against clinical standards. This
comparison process is most commonly known as what?
a. Best practices network
b. Clinical benchmarking
c. Outcomes-oriented pracNtice
d. Evidence-based practice
ANS: C
Outcomes-oriented practice measures the effectiveness of the interventions and quality of
care against benchmarks or standards. The term best practice refers to a program or service
that has been recognized for its excellence. Clinical benchmarking is a process used to
compare one’s own performance against the performance of the best in an area of service.
The term evidence-based practice refers to the provision of care based on evidence gained
through research and clinical trials.
