NUR 2063 Pathophysiology Final Exam Questions With
Complete Solutions
1st degree burn Correct Answers Only the epidermis (red,
painful, and edema)
2nd degree burn Correct Answers epidermis and part of dermis
(blistered)
3 Causes of AKI Correct Answers Prerenal, intrarenal,
postrenal
3 parts of Virchow's triad Correct Answers Endothelial injury,
sluggish blood flow, and increased coagulopathy
3rd degree burn Correct Answers Full thickness damage
through skin into nerves and muscles. Absence of pain and
neuropathy
Absence Seizure Correct Answers staring spells that last
seconds
Acidosis CO2 Correct Answers greater than 45
Acidosis HCO3 Correct Answers less than 22
Acidosis pH Correct Answers less than 7.35
adhesions Correct Answers bands of scar tissue joining two
surfaces that are normally separated in the bowel
,after load Correct Answers the pressure or force needed to eject
blood from the heart
Alkalosis CO2 Correct Answers less than 35
Alkalosis HCO3 Correct Answers greater than 26
Alkalosis pH Correct Answers greater than 7.45
aplastic anemia Correct Answers failure of blood cell
production in the bone marrow
ARF and shock Correct Answers from hypotension causing
lower blood flow, low GFR
Atonic Seizure Correct Answers loss of muscle tone, can cause
falls as people drop during it
Bradycardia Correct Answers heart rate less than 60 bpm
bradypnea Correct Answers less than 12 breaths per minute
cardiac output Correct Answers the amount of blood pumped
out by each ventricle in 1 minute
causes of anemia Correct Answers reduced number of red
blood cells from the result of blood loss, bone marrow failure,
renal failure, nutritional deficiencies, and abnormal hemoglobin
Causes of ARDS Correct Answers severe trauma, sepsis,
aspiration, fat emboli, shock.
,Causes of COPD Correct Answers smoking or air pollution
Causes of encephalitis Correct Answers west nile virus, HSV,
equine cephalitis
Causes of meningitis Correct Answers strep pneumonia,
meningococcus, hemophilic influenza or can be viral. it reaches
the person through the ears
Causes of osteomyelitis Correct Answers burns, sinus disease,
trauma, tumors, periodontal infection and pressure ulcers, open
fractures, penetration of wounds, surgical contamination or use
of metal screws
Causes of pneumonia Correct Answers aspiration, inhaled
contaminants from the mouth, virus, hospital or community
acquired infections.
Characteristics of benign tumors Correct Answers Localized
growth that is curable. They more closely resemble the original
tissue type, they grow slowly, have little vascularity, rarely
necrotic, and usually have similar function to the original cells.
Can be fatal depending on the location (brain, heart,etc), usually
grows at the original areas of the body. Encapsulated
Characteristics of malignant tumors Correct Answers usually
cancerous. They ignore growth controlling signals and replicate
despite signals from the environment. They can escape signals
and can die. they can also display different functions poorly or
not at all related to the tissue. Greater degree of differentiation
, means that it is more aggressive. Can move around with a poor
prognosis. Anaplasia, metastasis
Diabetic A1c level Correct Answers above 6.5
DIC and shock Correct Answers in septic shock, where there is
one bleeding but uses up all the clotting factor causing bleeding
and ischemia to the tissues.
DIC causes Correct Answers trauma, malignancy, burns,
sepsis, shock and abuptio placente. There is widespread clot
formation in small vessels.
Etiology of ARDS Correct Answers atelectasis and decrease in
lung compliance and surfactant, fibrosis, pulmonary edema,
disruptions in o2 transport, hypoxemia. Lungs fill with fluid-
dyspnea, o2 will drop, frothy sputum, hypoximea, co2 is trapped
low Ph
Etiology of Pneumonia Correct Answers The organism enters
the lung, multiplies and triggers pulmonary inflammation that
invade alveolar sacs that fill with fluid that is hard to cough up.
Examples of intrarenal causes of AKI Correct Answers chemo,
contrast dye, prolonged kidney stones in the post renal stage
Examples of metabolic acidosis? Correct Answers aspirin
toxicity, excessive alcohol use, lactic acid buildup. DKA,
starvation, persistent diarrhea, kidney failure
Complete Solutions
1st degree burn Correct Answers Only the epidermis (red,
painful, and edema)
2nd degree burn Correct Answers epidermis and part of dermis
(blistered)
3 Causes of AKI Correct Answers Prerenal, intrarenal,
postrenal
3 parts of Virchow's triad Correct Answers Endothelial injury,
sluggish blood flow, and increased coagulopathy
3rd degree burn Correct Answers Full thickness damage
through skin into nerves and muscles. Absence of pain and
neuropathy
Absence Seizure Correct Answers staring spells that last
seconds
Acidosis CO2 Correct Answers greater than 45
Acidosis HCO3 Correct Answers less than 22
Acidosis pH Correct Answers less than 7.35
adhesions Correct Answers bands of scar tissue joining two
surfaces that are normally separated in the bowel
,after load Correct Answers the pressure or force needed to eject
blood from the heart
Alkalosis CO2 Correct Answers less than 35
Alkalosis HCO3 Correct Answers greater than 26
Alkalosis pH Correct Answers greater than 7.45
aplastic anemia Correct Answers failure of blood cell
production in the bone marrow
ARF and shock Correct Answers from hypotension causing
lower blood flow, low GFR
Atonic Seizure Correct Answers loss of muscle tone, can cause
falls as people drop during it
Bradycardia Correct Answers heart rate less than 60 bpm
bradypnea Correct Answers less than 12 breaths per minute
cardiac output Correct Answers the amount of blood pumped
out by each ventricle in 1 minute
causes of anemia Correct Answers reduced number of red
blood cells from the result of blood loss, bone marrow failure,
renal failure, nutritional deficiencies, and abnormal hemoglobin
Causes of ARDS Correct Answers severe trauma, sepsis,
aspiration, fat emboli, shock.
,Causes of COPD Correct Answers smoking or air pollution
Causes of encephalitis Correct Answers west nile virus, HSV,
equine cephalitis
Causes of meningitis Correct Answers strep pneumonia,
meningococcus, hemophilic influenza or can be viral. it reaches
the person through the ears
Causes of osteomyelitis Correct Answers burns, sinus disease,
trauma, tumors, periodontal infection and pressure ulcers, open
fractures, penetration of wounds, surgical contamination or use
of metal screws
Causes of pneumonia Correct Answers aspiration, inhaled
contaminants from the mouth, virus, hospital or community
acquired infections.
Characteristics of benign tumors Correct Answers Localized
growth that is curable. They more closely resemble the original
tissue type, they grow slowly, have little vascularity, rarely
necrotic, and usually have similar function to the original cells.
Can be fatal depending on the location (brain, heart,etc), usually
grows at the original areas of the body. Encapsulated
Characteristics of malignant tumors Correct Answers usually
cancerous. They ignore growth controlling signals and replicate
despite signals from the environment. They can escape signals
and can die. they can also display different functions poorly or
not at all related to the tissue. Greater degree of differentiation
, means that it is more aggressive. Can move around with a poor
prognosis. Anaplasia, metastasis
Diabetic A1c level Correct Answers above 6.5
DIC and shock Correct Answers in septic shock, where there is
one bleeding but uses up all the clotting factor causing bleeding
and ischemia to the tissues.
DIC causes Correct Answers trauma, malignancy, burns,
sepsis, shock and abuptio placente. There is widespread clot
formation in small vessels.
Etiology of ARDS Correct Answers atelectasis and decrease in
lung compliance and surfactant, fibrosis, pulmonary edema,
disruptions in o2 transport, hypoxemia. Lungs fill with fluid-
dyspnea, o2 will drop, frothy sputum, hypoximea, co2 is trapped
low Ph
Etiology of Pneumonia Correct Answers The organism enters
the lung, multiplies and triggers pulmonary inflammation that
invade alveolar sacs that fill with fluid that is hard to cough up.
Examples of intrarenal causes of AKI Correct Answers chemo,
contrast dye, prolonged kidney stones in the post renal stage
Examples of metabolic acidosis? Correct Answers aspirin
toxicity, excessive alcohol use, lactic acid buildup. DKA,
starvation, persistent diarrhea, kidney failure
