,TESTBANK for Adult Development and Aging , 9th
Edition John C. Cavanaugh
Notes
1- All Chapters are step by step.
2- We have shown you 10 pages.
3- The file contains all Appendix and Excel
sheet if it exists.
4- We have all what you need, we make
update at every time. There are many
new editions waiting you.
5- If you think you purchased the wrong file
You can contact us at every time, we can
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,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01: Studying Adult Development and Aging
1. A human resources director only schedules interviews with applicants under age 60. This is an example of
a. ageism.
b. gerontology.
c. life-span perspective.
d. age effects.
ANSWER: a
2. Believing that all old people are senile is an example of
a. a stereotype that could lead to ageism.
b. ageism that could lead to discrimination.
c. accurate information about aging learned from online discussions.
d. accurate information based on current research.
ANSWER: a
3. The uniforms for a fast-food franchise are designed to fit young adults comfortably. This
practice is known as
a. contextualism.
b. socialization.
c. ageism.
d. dysthymia.
ANSWER: c
4. Gerontology is the
a. same thing as ageism.
b. study of prejudice and discrimination toward the elderly.
c. study of aging.
d. study of how chronic illnesses progress over time.
ANSWER: c
5. A key premise of the life-span perspective is that
a. biological changes are the most important.
b. events that happen in older adulthood are more important than earlier experiences.
c. social changes are the most important.
d. aging is a lifelong process that begins at conception and ends at death.
ANSWER: d
6. Multidirectionality refers to
a. development and aging involving both decline and growth.
b. the ability to change and improve abilities over time.
c. the fact that each of us is affected by a variety of factors, both positive and negative.
d. our differing cultural backgrounds.
ANSWER: a
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,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01: Studying Adult Development and Aging
7. Plasticity refers to
a. development and aging involving both decline and growth.
b. the ability to change and improve abilities over time and with development.
c. the fact that each of us is affected by a variety of factors, both positive and negative.
d. our differing cultural backgrounds.
ANSWER: b
8. Understanding that development is shaped by biological, psychological, sociocultural, and
life-cycle forces defines which feature of the life-span perspective?
a. Multidirectionality
b. Plasticity
c. Historical context
d. Multiple causation
ANSWER: d
9. According to Baltes et al. (2006), life-span development consists of the dynamic interaction
among all of the following factors EXCEPT
a. geographic location.
b. growth.
c. maintenance.
d. loss regulation.
ANSWER: a
10. Relative to the population of older White Americans, the number of older people of color is
a. decreasing.
b. increasing.
c. similar.
d. decreasing among women, while increasing among men.
ANSWER: b
11. Population trends in the United States, specifically the continuing rise in the number of older
people, are
a. unique and specific to the United States.
b. not unique because the population of older persons is increasing in most parts of the
world.
c. also seen in Africa but not elsewhere in the world.
d. also seen in Europe but not elsewhere in the world.
ANSWER: b
12. Thinning and graying of hair is an example of which force of development?
a. Life-cycle forces
b. Psychological forces
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,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01: Studying Adult Development and Aging
c. Biological forces
d. Histological forces
ANSWER: c
13. Characteristics that make us individuals, such as perception and emotional factors, are the
result of
a. life-cycle forces.
b. psychological forces.
c. biological forces.
d. histological forces.
ANSWER: b
14. Together with life-cycle forces, the ____________________ provides a complete overview of the
shapers of human development.
a. context-specific approach
b. internal perceptions scaffold
c. biopsychosocial framework
d. genetic forces model
ANSWER: c
15. Which of the following is an example of a normative age-graded influence on development?
a. Entering kindergarten
b. Living during the 9/11 attacks
c. Winning the lottery
d. Becoming addicted to methamphetamine
ANSWER: a
16. The age at which one begins their first marriage or retires from a career are
a. normative age-graded events.
b. normative history-graded events.
c. normative individual-graded events.
d. nonnormative events.
ANSWER: a
17. Normative history-graded influences are events that
a. are unique to each person.
b. occur at a specific age for each person.
c. generally occur around the same age for most people.
d. often give a generation its unique identity.
ANSWER: d
18. The advent of social media internet technology is an example of a
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,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01: Studying Adult Development and Aging
a. normative age-graded event.
b. normative history-graded event.
c. normative individual-graded event.
d. nonnormative event.
ANSWER: b
19. The retiring from the world of work at age 35 is an example of a
a. normative age-graded event.
b. normative history-graded event.
c. normative individual-graded event.
d. nonnormative event.
ANSWER: d
20. Which of the following is a nonnormative influence on behavior?
a. When one’s first marriage occurs
b. Being a “baby boomer”
c. Having a child
d. Surviving a natural disaster
ANSWER: d
21. What is extremely important in gerontology because it shapes how people define core
concepts such as age, growing older, and normative life course?
a. The age of the individual
b. Ethnicity
c. Culture
d. Socialization
ANSWER: c
22. Normative age-related developmental changes, such as the slowing of one’s reaction time and
the loss of family members and friends, are considered
a. primary aging.
b. secondary aging.
c. tertiary aging.
d. quaternary aging.
ANSWER: a
23. Developmental changes that are related to disease, lifestyle, and other environmental factors
that are not inevitable are termed
a. primary aging.
b. secondary aging.
c. tertiary aging.
d. holistic aging.
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,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01: Studying Adult Development and Aging
ANSWER: b
24. Loss of memory due to Alzheimer’s disease is an example of
a. primary aging.
b. secondary aging.
c. tertiary aging.
d. quaternary aging.
ANSWER: b
25. What involves a rapid loss that occurs just before death?
a. Primary aging
b. Secondary aging
c. Tertiary aging
d. Pathological aging
ANSWER: c
26. A resident of an assisted living center experiencing a marked decline in intellectual abilities
in the years directly preceding death, known as terminal drop, is an example of which type of
aging?
a. Primary
b. Secondary
c. Tertiary
d. Biopsychosocial
ANSWER: c
27. Lolita is 49-year-old. However, posting selfies in a bungie jumping harness to her social
media page made her feel much younger than her 49 years. The two types of age described here
are
a. sociocultural and biological.
b. chronological and perceived.
c. perceived and biological.
d. chronological and biological.
ANSWER: b
28. Measuring the functioning of various vital or life-limiting systems, such as the human
sensory system, is an assessment of
a. biological age.
b. chronological age.
c. sociocultural age.
d. psychological age.
ANSWER: a
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,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01: Studying Adult Development and Aging
29. The index of age that represents a person’s intellectual, memory, or learning ability is called
a. biological age.
b. perceived age.
c. sociocultural age.
d. psychological age.
ANSWER: d
30. Emerging adulthood is best understood as the
a. transition from working life to retired life.
b. period of time from late adolescence until one’s early to mid-20s.
c. transition from early to late adolescence.
d. period of time during which one’s children leave home resulting in an “empty nest.”
ANSWER: b
31. How much of one’s development is influenced by heredity and how much is influenced by
experience is referred to as the
a. nature–nurture controversy.
b. continuity–discontinuity controversy.
c. stability–change controversy.
d. universal versus context-specific controversy.
ANSWER: a
32. In order to understand a newborn’s future, we must simultaneously consider their inborn,
hereditary characteristics, and the environmental influences. This is an example of which of the
following controversies?
a. Continuity–discontinuity
b. Stability–change
c. Longitudinal–sequential
d. Nature–nurture
ANSWER: d
33. If we consider whether personality in young adulthood predicts personality in late adulthood,
we are concerned with which of the following controversies or issues?
a. Nature–nurture
b. Stability–change
c. Continuity–discontinuity
d. Quantitative–qualitative
ANSWER: b
34. Which controversy is a derivative of the stability–change issue and examines whether
development occurs as a smooth transition over time or as a series of abrupt shifts?
a. Nature–nurture
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,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01: Studying Adult Development and Aging
b. Quantitative–qualitative
c. Continuity–discontinuity
d. Heredity–environment
ANSWER: c
35. As people age, the speed at which they react decreases. This phenomenon is an example of
a. continuity.
b. universality.
c. plasticity.
d. a cohort effect.
ANSWER: a
36. The belief that one’s capacity can be learned or improved with practice is called
a. age effects.
b. plasticity.
c. discontinuity.
d. instability.
ANSWER: b
37. Understanding the cultural and ethnic differences between !Kung African and European
American family structures falls under which controversy?
a. Nature–nurture
b. Continuity–discontinuity
c. Stability–change
d. Universal versus context-specific
ANSWER: d
38. If you are using a questionnaire to assess memory in older individuals, and each time you
administer the questionnaire it produces different results, it can then be said that the measure has
low
a. representativeness.
b. utility.
c. validity.
d. reliability.
ANSWER: d
39. The degree to which a questionnaire measures what it is supposed to measure is an indication
of its
a. representativeness.
b. utility.
c. validity.
d. reliability.
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, Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01: Studying Adult Development and Aging
ANSWER: c
40. Structured observations differ from naturalistic observations in that they
a. use correlations to assess the strength and direction of a relationship.
b. create a situation that is likely to elicit the behavior of choice.
c. sample behaviors of interest in everyday situations.
d. manipulate independent variables to see the effects on dependent variables.
ANSWER: b
41. The main question with the sampling behavior approach is its
a. observability.
b. reliability.
c. specificity.
d. validity.
ANSWER: d
42. If the spring semester class of adulthood and aging students filled out questionnaires
regarding stereotypes about aging people, the class would be a
a. population of people.
b. sample of people.
c. independent variable.
d. dependent variable.
ANSWER: b
43. You are conducting a study on adult development and aging. Your sample is 30 middle-class
European Americans. This brings into question whether your sample is
a. representative of the larger population.
b. assessed using reliable measures.
c. biased in their results due to naturalistic observation.
d. biased in their self-reports.
ANSWER: a
44. The experimental design uses all of the following EXCEPT
a. random sampling.
b. manipulating a key factor.
c. a control group.
d. nonrepresentative sampling.
ANSWER: d
45. Which variables are manipulated by the researcher(s) in an experiment?
a. Dependent variables
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 8
Edition John C. Cavanaugh
Notes
1- All Chapters are step by step.
2- We have shown you 10 pages.
3- The file contains all Appendix and Excel
sheet if it exists.
4- We have all what you need, we make
update at every time. There are many
new editions waiting you.
5- If you think you purchased the wrong file
You can contact us at every time, we can
replace it with true one.
Our email:
Our website:
testbanks-store.com
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01: Studying Adult Development and Aging
1. A human resources director only schedules interviews with applicants under age 60. This is an example of
a. ageism.
b. gerontology.
c. life-span perspective.
d. age effects.
ANSWER: a
2. Believing that all old people are senile is an example of
a. a stereotype that could lead to ageism.
b. ageism that could lead to discrimination.
c. accurate information about aging learned from online discussions.
d. accurate information based on current research.
ANSWER: a
3. The uniforms for a fast-food franchise are designed to fit young adults comfortably. This
practice is known as
a. contextualism.
b. socialization.
c. ageism.
d. dysthymia.
ANSWER: c
4. Gerontology is the
a. same thing as ageism.
b. study of prejudice and discrimination toward the elderly.
c. study of aging.
d. study of how chronic illnesses progress over time.
ANSWER: c
5. A key premise of the life-span perspective is that
a. biological changes are the most important.
b. events that happen in older adulthood are more important than earlier experiences.
c. social changes are the most important.
d. aging is a lifelong process that begins at conception and ends at death.
ANSWER: d
6. Multidirectionality refers to
a. development and aging involving both decline and growth.
b. the ability to change and improve abilities over time.
c. the fact that each of us is affected by a variety of factors, both positive and negative.
d. our differing cultural backgrounds.
ANSWER: a
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01: Studying Adult Development and Aging
7. Plasticity refers to
a. development and aging involving both decline and growth.
b. the ability to change and improve abilities over time and with development.
c. the fact that each of us is affected by a variety of factors, both positive and negative.
d. our differing cultural backgrounds.
ANSWER: b
8. Understanding that development is shaped by biological, psychological, sociocultural, and
life-cycle forces defines which feature of the life-span perspective?
a. Multidirectionality
b. Plasticity
c. Historical context
d. Multiple causation
ANSWER: d
9. According to Baltes et al. (2006), life-span development consists of the dynamic interaction
among all of the following factors EXCEPT
a. geographic location.
b. growth.
c. maintenance.
d. loss regulation.
ANSWER: a
10. Relative to the population of older White Americans, the number of older people of color is
a. decreasing.
b. increasing.
c. similar.
d. decreasing among women, while increasing among men.
ANSWER: b
11. Population trends in the United States, specifically the continuing rise in the number of older
people, are
a. unique and specific to the United States.
b. not unique because the population of older persons is increasing in most parts of the
world.
c. also seen in Africa but not elsewhere in the world.
d. also seen in Europe but not elsewhere in the world.
ANSWER: b
12. Thinning and graying of hair is an example of which force of development?
a. Life-cycle forces
b. Psychological forces
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,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01: Studying Adult Development and Aging
c. Biological forces
d. Histological forces
ANSWER: c
13. Characteristics that make us individuals, such as perception and emotional factors, are the
result of
a. life-cycle forces.
b. psychological forces.
c. biological forces.
d. histological forces.
ANSWER: b
14. Together with life-cycle forces, the ____________________ provides a complete overview of the
shapers of human development.
a. context-specific approach
b. internal perceptions scaffold
c. biopsychosocial framework
d. genetic forces model
ANSWER: c
15. Which of the following is an example of a normative age-graded influence on development?
a. Entering kindergarten
b. Living during the 9/11 attacks
c. Winning the lottery
d. Becoming addicted to methamphetamine
ANSWER: a
16. The age at which one begins their first marriage or retires from a career are
a. normative age-graded events.
b. normative history-graded events.
c. normative individual-graded events.
d. nonnormative events.
ANSWER: a
17. Normative history-graded influences are events that
a. are unique to each person.
b. occur at a specific age for each person.
c. generally occur around the same age for most people.
d. often give a generation its unique identity.
ANSWER: d
18. The advent of social media internet technology is an example of a
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 3
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01: Studying Adult Development and Aging
a. normative age-graded event.
b. normative history-graded event.
c. normative individual-graded event.
d. nonnormative event.
ANSWER: b
19. The retiring from the world of work at age 35 is an example of a
a. normative age-graded event.
b. normative history-graded event.
c. normative individual-graded event.
d. nonnormative event.
ANSWER: d
20. Which of the following is a nonnormative influence on behavior?
a. When one’s first marriage occurs
b. Being a “baby boomer”
c. Having a child
d. Surviving a natural disaster
ANSWER: d
21. What is extremely important in gerontology because it shapes how people define core
concepts such as age, growing older, and normative life course?
a. The age of the individual
b. Ethnicity
c. Culture
d. Socialization
ANSWER: c
22. Normative age-related developmental changes, such as the slowing of one’s reaction time and
the loss of family members and friends, are considered
a. primary aging.
b. secondary aging.
c. tertiary aging.
d. quaternary aging.
ANSWER: a
23. Developmental changes that are related to disease, lifestyle, and other environmental factors
that are not inevitable are termed
a. primary aging.
b. secondary aging.
c. tertiary aging.
d. holistic aging.
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 4
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01: Studying Adult Development and Aging
ANSWER: b
24. Loss of memory due to Alzheimer’s disease is an example of
a. primary aging.
b. secondary aging.
c. tertiary aging.
d. quaternary aging.
ANSWER: b
25. What involves a rapid loss that occurs just before death?
a. Primary aging
b. Secondary aging
c. Tertiary aging
d. Pathological aging
ANSWER: c
26. A resident of an assisted living center experiencing a marked decline in intellectual abilities
in the years directly preceding death, known as terminal drop, is an example of which type of
aging?
a. Primary
b. Secondary
c. Tertiary
d. Biopsychosocial
ANSWER: c
27. Lolita is 49-year-old. However, posting selfies in a bungie jumping harness to her social
media page made her feel much younger than her 49 years. The two types of age described here
are
a. sociocultural and biological.
b. chronological and perceived.
c. perceived and biological.
d. chronological and biological.
ANSWER: b
28. Measuring the functioning of various vital or life-limiting systems, such as the human
sensory system, is an assessment of
a. biological age.
b. chronological age.
c. sociocultural age.
d. psychological age.
ANSWER: a
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 5
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01: Studying Adult Development and Aging
29. The index of age that represents a person’s intellectual, memory, or learning ability is called
a. biological age.
b. perceived age.
c. sociocultural age.
d. psychological age.
ANSWER: d
30. Emerging adulthood is best understood as the
a. transition from working life to retired life.
b. period of time from late adolescence until one’s early to mid-20s.
c. transition from early to late adolescence.
d. period of time during which one’s children leave home resulting in an “empty nest.”
ANSWER: b
31. How much of one’s development is influenced by heredity and how much is influenced by
experience is referred to as the
a. nature–nurture controversy.
b. continuity–discontinuity controversy.
c. stability–change controversy.
d. universal versus context-specific controversy.
ANSWER: a
32. In order to understand a newborn’s future, we must simultaneously consider their inborn,
hereditary characteristics, and the environmental influences. This is an example of which of the
following controversies?
a. Continuity–discontinuity
b. Stability–change
c. Longitudinal–sequential
d. Nature–nurture
ANSWER: d
33. If we consider whether personality in young adulthood predicts personality in late adulthood,
we are concerned with which of the following controversies or issues?
a. Nature–nurture
b. Stability–change
c. Continuity–discontinuity
d. Quantitative–qualitative
ANSWER: b
34. Which controversy is a derivative of the stability–change issue and examines whether
development occurs as a smooth transition over time or as a series of abrupt shifts?
a. Nature–nurture
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 6
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01: Studying Adult Development and Aging
b. Quantitative–qualitative
c. Continuity–discontinuity
d. Heredity–environment
ANSWER: c
35. As people age, the speed at which they react decreases. This phenomenon is an example of
a. continuity.
b. universality.
c. plasticity.
d. a cohort effect.
ANSWER: a
36. The belief that one’s capacity can be learned or improved with practice is called
a. age effects.
b. plasticity.
c. discontinuity.
d. instability.
ANSWER: b
37. Understanding the cultural and ethnic differences between !Kung African and European
American family structures falls under which controversy?
a. Nature–nurture
b. Continuity–discontinuity
c. Stability–change
d. Universal versus context-specific
ANSWER: d
38. If you are using a questionnaire to assess memory in older individuals, and each time you
administer the questionnaire it produces different results, it can then be said that the measure has
low
a. representativeness.
b. utility.
c. validity.
d. reliability.
ANSWER: d
39. The degree to which a questionnaire measures what it is supposed to measure is an indication
of its
a. representativeness.
b. utility.
c. validity.
d. reliability.
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 7
, Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01: Studying Adult Development and Aging
ANSWER: c
40. Structured observations differ from naturalistic observations in that they
a. use correlations to assess the strength and direction of a relationship.
b. create a situation that is likely to elicit the behavior of choice.
c. sample behaviors of interest in everyday situations.
d. manipulate independent variables to see the effects on dependent variables.
ANSWER: b
41. The main question with the sampling behavior approach is its
a. observability.
b. reliability.
c. specificity.
d. validity.
ANSWER: d
42. If the spring semester class of adulthood and aging students filled out questionnaires
regarding stereotypes about aging people, the class would be a
a. population of people.
b. sample of people.
c. independent variable.
d. dependent variable.
ANSWER: b
43. You are conducting a study on adult development and aging. Your sample is 30 middle-class
European Americans. This brings into question whether your sample is
a. representative of the larger population.
b. assessed using reliable measures.
c. biased in their results due to naturalistic observation.
d. biased in their self-reports.
ANSWER: a
44. The experimental design uses all of the following EXCEPT
a. random sampling.
b. manipulating a key factor.
c. a control group.
d. nonrepresentative sampling.
ANSWER: d
45. Which variables are manipulated by the researcher(s) in an experiment?
a. Dependent variables
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