1
Comprehensive Exam Bank on Geriatric Nursing and
Elder Care: Aging Process, Functional Support, and
Dignified Living
Table of Contents
Topic 1: Understanding the Normal Aging Process (Questions 1–20) ................................. 2
Topic 2: Geriatric Syndromes and Complex Presentations (Questions 21–40) .................. 10
Topic 3: Functional Assessment and Independence Support (Questions 41–60) .............. 18
Topic 4: Cognitive Health and Memory Support (Questions 61–80) .................................. 27
Topic 5: Nutrition, Hydration, and Elimination in Older Adults (Questions 81–100) ............ 35
Topic 6: Medication Safety and Polypharmacy in Older Adults (Questions 101–120) ......... 44
Topic 7: Cognitive Health and Dementia Care (Questions 121–140)................................. 52
Topic 8: Geriatric Nutrition and Hydration (Questions 141–160) ...................................... 61
Topic 9: Geriatric Medication Management and Polypharmacy (Questions 161–180) ........ 69
Topic 10: Geriatric Patient Safety, Injury Prevention, and Fall Risk (Questions 181–200) .... 77
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Topic 1: Understanding the Normal Aging Process
(Questions 1–20)
Question 1:
Which of the following is a normal physiological change associated with aging in the
cardiovascular system?
A. Increased cardiac output at rest
B. Decreased elasticity of blood vessels
C. Enlargement of the sinoatrial node
D. Increased response to beta-adrenergic stimulation
Correct Answer: B. Decreased elasticity of blood vessels
Rationale: Aging causes the blood vessels to lose elasticity, leading to increased vascular
resistance and contributing to hypertension.
Question 2:
A common visual change in older adults due to aging is:
A. Myopia
B. Retinal detachment
C. Presbyopia
D. Night blindness
Correct Answer: C. Presbyopia
Rationale: Presbyopia is a normal aging change where the lens loses elasticity, making it
harder to focus on close objects.
Question 3:
, 3
Which renal change is expected in healthy aging adults?
A. Increased glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
B. Decreased renal blood flow
C. Increased creatinine clearance
D. Enlargement of nephrons
Correct Answer: B. Decreased renal blood flow
Rationale: Renal blood flow declines with age, reducing the kidney’s ability to concentrate
urine and excrete waste.
Question 4:
What is a common musculoskeletal change seen with normal aging?
A. Increase in muscle mass
B. Thickening of cartilage
C. Loss of bone density
D. Increased joint flexibility
Correct Answer: C. Loss of bone density
Rationale: Bone resorption outpaces bone formation with age, leading to decreased bone
mass and increased fracture risk.
Question 5:
The term “presbycusis” refers to:
A. Loss of peripheral vision
B. Cognitive impairment
C. Age-related hearing loss
D. Decreased tactile sensation
, 4
Correct Answer: C. Age-related hearing loss
Rationale: Presbycusis is a bilateral, sensorineural hearing loss associated with aging,
especially affecting high-frequency sounds.
Question 6:
Which change in the gastrointestinal system is typical in older adults?
A. Increased gastric acid production
B. Rapid intestinal motility
C. Decreased taste sensation
D. Thickening of the intestinal mucosa
Correct Answer: C. Decreased taste sensation
Rationale: Aging reduces taste bud sensitivity, affecting nutrition and appetite.
Question 7:
Aging affects sleep by:
A. Increasing REM sleep
B. Deepening stage 4 sleep
C. Reducing total sleep time and deep sleep
D. Eliminating nocturnal awakenings
Correct Answer: C. Reducing total sleep time and deep sleep
Rationale: Older adults often experience lighter sleep with more awakenings and shorter
REM and deep sleep stages.
Question 8:
Comprehensive Exam Bank on Geriatric Nursing and
Elder Care: Aging Process, Functional Support, and
Dignified Living
Table of Contents
Topic 1: Understanding the Normal Aging Process (Questions 1–20) ................................. 2
Topic 2: Geriatric Syndromes and Complex Presentations (Questions 21–40) .................. 10
Topic 3: Functional Assessment and Independence Support (Questions 41–60) .............. 18
Topic 4: Cognitive Health and Memory Support (Questions 61–80) .................................. 27
Topic 5: Nutrition, Hydration, and Elimination in Older Adults (Questions 81–100) ............ 35
Topic 6: Medication Safety and Polypharmacy in Older Adults (Questions 101–120) ......... 44
Topic 7: Cognitive Health and Dementia Care (Questions 121–140)................................. 52
Topic 8: Geriatric Nutrition and Hydration (Questions 141–160) ...................................... 61
Topic 9: Geriatric Medication Management and Polypharmacy (Questions 161–180) ........ 69
Topic 10: Geriatric Patient Safety, Injury Prevention, and Fall Risk (Questions 181–200) .... 77
, 2
Topic 1: Understanding the Normal Aging Process
(Questions 1–20)
Question 1:
Which of the following is a normal physiological change associated with aging in the
cardiovascular system?
A. Increased cardiac output at rest
B. Decreased elasticity of blood vessels
C. Enlargement of the sinoatrial node
D. Increased response to beta-adrenergic stimulation
Correct Answer: B. Decreased elasticity of blood vessels
Rationale: Aging causes the blood vessels to lose elasticity, leading to increased vascular
resistance and contributing to hypertension.
Question 2:
A common visual change in older adults due to aging is:
A. Myopia
B. Retinal detachment
C. Presbyopia
D. Night blindness
Correct Answer: C. Presbyopia
Rationale: Presbyopia is a normal aging change where the lens loses elasticity, making it
harder to focus on close objects.
Question 3:
, 3
Which renal change is expected in healthy aging adults?
A. Increased glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
B. Decreased renal blood flow
C. Increased creatinine clearance
D. Enlargement of nephrons
Correct Answer: B. Decreased renal blood flow
Rationale: Renal blood flow declines with age, reducing the kidney’s ability to concentrate
urine and excrete waste.
Question 4:
What is a common musculoskeletal change seen with normal aging?
A. Increase in muscle mass
B. Thickening of cartilage
C. Loss of bone density
D. Increased joint flexibility
Correct Answer: C. Loss of bone density
Rationale: Bone resorption outpaces bone formation with age, leading to decreased bone
mass and increased fracture risk.
Question 5:
The term “presbycusis” refers to:
A. Loss of peripheral vision
B. Cognitive impairment
C. Age-related hearing loss
D. Decreased tactile sensation
, 4
Correct Answer: C. Age-related hearing loss
Rationale: Presbycusis is a bilateral, sensorineural hearing loss associated with aging,
especially affecting high-frequency sounds.
Question 6:
Which change in the gastrointestinal system is typical in older adults?
A. Increased gastric acid production
B. Rapid intestinal motility
C. Decreased taste sensation
D. Thickening of the intestinal mucosa
Correct Answer: C. Decreased taste sensation
Rationale: Aging reduces taste bud sensitivity, affecting nutrition and appetite.
Question 7:
Aging affects sleep by:
A. Increasing REM sleep
B. Deepening stage 4 sleep
C. Reducing total sleep time and deep sleep
D. Eliminating nocturnal awakenings
Correct Answer: C. Reducing total sleep time and deep sleep
Rationale: Older adults often experience lighter sleep with more awakenings and shorter
REM and deep sleep stages.
Question 8:
