Quick Revisi n
Module #53
Maratha Empire
From Swarajya to Supremacy
Origin and Rise of the Marathas
The Marathas emerged as a formidable power in the
17th century in the Deccan region (modern-day
Maharashtra).
Founder: Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj (1630–1680), who
established Hindavi Swarajya by challenging Mughal and
Bijapur rule.
Geographical Extent: Initially centered in Maharashtra, the
Maratha influence expanded to parts of Karnataka, Madhya
Pradesh, and beyond.
Coronation & Title: Shivaji assumed the title Chhatrapati in
1674 at Raigad Fort, marking the formal establishment of the
Maratha Empire.
AHMEDABAD | BENGALURU | BHOPAL | CHANDIGARH | DELHI | GUWAHATI | HYDERABAD | JAIPUR | JODHPUR | LUCKNOW | PRAYAGRAJ | PUNE | RANCHI 1/6
, Quick Revisi n
Module #53
Prominent Rulers and the Peshwa Era
Shivaji Maharaj (1630-1680)
Founder of the Maratha Empire; coronated as Chhatrapati in 1674 at
Raigad Fort.
Military Strategy: Guerrilla warfare (Ganimi Kava), strong navy under
Kanhoji Angre.
Administration:
Ashtapradhan Council (Eight Ministers) for governance.
Revenue System: Ryotwari-based, levies like Chauth (25% tax) and Sardeshmukhi (10% tax).
Key Events:
Battle of Pratapgarh (1659): Defeated Afzal Khan of Bijapur.
Treaty of Purandar (1665): Signed with Raja Jai Singh of Amber.
Escape from Agra (1666): Outwitted Aurangzeb after being imprisoned.
Prominent Maratha Rulers After Shivaji
Ruler Reign Key Contributions
Sambhaji 1681-1689 Son of Shivaji, known for resisting the Mughal invasion.
- Captured and brutally executed by Aurangzeb (1689).
Rajaram 1689-1700 Fled to Gingee Fort (Tamil Nadu) and continued guerrilla warfare
against the Mughals.
- Introduced Hukumat Panth, a decentralized administration system.
Tarabai 1700-1714 - Widow of Rajaram, acted as regent for her minor son Shivaji II.
- Led strong resistance against the Mughals and expanded
Maratha influence.
Shahu 1707-1749 Released by Bahadur Shah I (Aurangzeb’s successor).
Maharaj - Emerged victorious in a succession struggle against Tarabai.
- Shifted power to Peshwas, appointing Balaji Vishwanath (1713)
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit, sed
as Peshwa, marking the rise of Peshwa dominance.
diam nonummy nibh Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consecte-
infocompanyname.com tuer adipiscing elit, sed diam nonummy nib.
+57The Peshwa
12 345 667 Era (1713-1818):
Your city address
Rise of Peshwaship:
The Peshwas became the de facto rulers, overshadowing the Chhatrapati.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit, sed diam
nonummy nibh Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing
Expanded
Lorem ipsum Maratha influence through military campaigns and diplomacy.
dolorsitamet. elit, sed diam nonummy nib.
AHMEDABAD | BENGALURU | BHOPAL | CHANDIGARH | DELHI | GUWAHATI | HYDERABAD | JAIPUR | JODHPUR | LUCKNOW | PRAYAGRAJ | PUNE | RANCHI 2/6
Module #53
Maratha Empire
From Swarajya to Supremacy
Origin and Rise of the Marathas
The Marathas emerged as a formidable power in the
17th century in the Deccan region (modern-day
Maharashtra).
Founder: Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj (1630–1680), who
established Hindavi Swarajya by challenging Mughal and
Bijapur rule.
Geographical Extent: Initially centered in Maharashtra, the
Maratha influence expanded to parts of Karnataka, Madhya
Pradesh, and beyond.
Coronation & Title: Shivaji assumed the title Chhatrapati in
1674 at Raigad Fort, marking the formal establishment of the
Maratha Empire.
AHMEDABAD | BENGALURU | BHOPAL | CHANDIGARH | DELHI | GUWAHATI | HYDERABAD | JAIPUR | JODHPUR | LUCKNOW | PRAYAGRAJ | PUNE | RANCHI 1/6
, Quick Revisi n
Module #53
Prominent Rulers and the Peshwa Era
Shivaji Maharaj (1630-1680)
Founder of the Maratha Empire; coronated as Chhatrapati in 1674 at
Raigad Fort.
Military Strategy: Guerrilla warfare (Ganimi Kava), strong navy under
Kanhoji Angre.
Administration:
Ashtapradhan Council (Eight Ministers) for governance.
Revenue System: Ryotwari-based, levies like Chauth (25% tax) and Sardeshmukhi (10% tax).
Key Events:
Battle of Pratapgarh (1659): Defeated Afzal Khan of Bijapur.
Treaty of Purandar (1665): Signed with Raja Jai Singh of Amber.
Escape from Agra (1666): Outwitted Aurangzeb after being imprisoned.
Prominent Maratha Rulers After Shivaji
Ruler Reign Key Contributions
Sambhaji 1681-1689 Son of Shivaji, known for resisting the Mughal invasion.
- Captured and brutally executed by Aurangzeb (1689).
Rajaram 1689-1700 Fled to Gingee Fort (Tamil Nadu) and continued guerrilla warfare
against the Mughals.
- Introduced Hukumat Panth, a decentralized administration system.
Tarabai 1700-1714 - Widow of Rajaram, acted as regent for her minor son Shivaji II.
- Led strong resistance against the Mughals and expanded
Maratha influence.
Shahu 1707-1749 Released by Bahadur Shah I (Aurangzeb’s successor).
Maharaj - Emerged victorious in a succession struggle against Tarabai.
- Shifted power to Peshwas, appointing Balaji Vishwanath (1713)
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit, sed
as Peshwa, marking the rise of Peshwa dominance.
diam nonummy nibh Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consecte-
infocompanyname.com tuer adipiscing elit, sed diam nonummy nib.
+57The Peshwa
12 345 667 Era (1713-1818):
Your city address
Rise of Peshwaship:
The Peshwas became the de facto rulers, overshadowing the Chhatrapati.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit, sed diam
nonummy nibh Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing
Expanded
Lorem ipsum Maratha influence through military campaigns and diplomacy.
dolorsitamet. elit, sed diam nonummy nib.
AHMEDABAD | BENGALURU | BHOPAL | CHANDIGARH | DELHI | GUWAHATI | HYDERABAD | JAIPUR | JODHPUR | LUCKNOW | PRAYAGRAJ | PUNE | RANCHI 2/6
