1
AP GOVERNMENT REVIEW SET EXAM NEWEST VERSION -
2025/2026- 100+ QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS 100%
CORRECT GUARANTEED SUCCESS
5th Amendment
(1) No Self-Incrimination (Miranda)
(2) No Double Jeopardy (defendant cannot be tried again on the same, or similar
charges)
(3) No deprivation of life liberty or property without "due process of law" (fair
treatment)
6th Amendment
The right to counsel in criminal trials. Gideon v. Wainwright held that states must
provide indigent defendants with a free lawyer ("public defender"). Right to jury in
criminal trials.
7th Amendment
Right to jury in civil trials.
15th Amendment
States cannot deny any person the right to vote because of race. Third of three
"Reconstruction Amendments" passed after Civil War. First Voting Rights
Amendment (with 19, 24 & 26)
16th Amendment
Power of Congress to tax income
17th Amendment
, 2
Established the direct election of senators (instead of being chosen by state
legislatures)
19th Amendment
States cannot deny the right to vote based on gender
1st Amendment
Freedom of religion (establishment & free exercise clauses), speech, press,
assembly, and petition.
22nd Amendment
Limits the president to two terms.
23rd Amendment
Gives Washington DC electoral college votes as if it were a state (DC still has no
representation in Congress)
24th Amendment
Abolishes poll taxes
26th Amendment
States cannot deny the right to vote based on age (18+)
2nd Amendment
Right to arm bears. Supported by National Rifle Association interest group &
Republican Party.
4th Amendment
No "unreasonable" searches and seizures. Exclusionary rule (Weeks v. US, Mapp v.
Ohio)
8th Amendment
Government cannot inflict cruel and unusual punishment. Meaning of "cruel"
based on "evolving standards of decency that mark the progress of a maturing
, 3
society." Categorical bans on death penalty: juveniles, retarded, non-murder
crimes...
9th Amendment
Unenumerated Rights Amendment. Citizens have unenumerated rights in addition
to those stated in the Constitution. Not been developed by Supreme Court (too
open ended)
Constitution
A nation's basic law, creates political institutions, assigns or divides power in
government and often provides certain guarantees to citizens. Can be written or
unwritten.
Agents of Socialization
Family (most important); TV/media (growing in importance); friends/peers; school
(formal socialization). How we develop (absorb) opinions & beliefs.
American Political Culture
A set of basic, foundational values and beliefs about government that is shared by
most citizens. Key elements: democracy, equality before the law, limited
government, capitalism & private property
Anti-Federalists
A group who opposed the ratification of the Constitution in 1787. They opposed a
strong central government (tyranny) and supported states' rights. "I smell a rat!"
Articles of Confederation
Set up the 1st independent American government (1783-88). Nonbinding "league
of friendship" among sovereign states with weak central government to help with
common defense & cooperation (like the European Union). Replaced by our
current constitution in 1788.
Bandwagon Effect
, 4
"Copy-cat" behavior. People often do things just because other people do them. In
primary elections, it is when people support the candidate everyone else seems to
be supporting (poll leaders). Leads to Primary Frontloading (states want to have
the most impact in the primary process)
Block Grants
Grants ($) given to the states by the federal government for a general purpose
(like education or road-building). Unlike categorical grants, states have discretion
to decide how to spend the money. Example = Temporary Assistance to Needy
Families (TANF) (States develop and implement welfare programs using federal
money).
Casework
Assistance given to individual constituents by congressional members, like helping
an elderly person figure out how to get Medicare benefits. Major incumbency
advantage.
Categorical Grant
A grant ($) given to the states by the federal government for a specific purpose or
program. The federal government tells the states exactly how to spend the money
(no state discretion unlike block grants). Example = Medicaid. Most common type
of federal grant because it gives Congress the most control over the states.
Checks and Balances
A major principle of the American system of government. Helps maintain
separation of powers so that no one branch gets too powerful. Explained in
Federalist 51. Examples: President vetos laws; Senate confirms appointments &
treaties; Congress impeaches president & judges...
Chief Justice John Marshall
In office from 1801-1835 (longest serving CJ). Supported increased power of
federal government. Decided McCulloch v. Maryland, Gibbons v. Ogden, and
Marbury v. Madison.
AP GOVERNMENT REVIEW SET EXAM NEWEST VERSION -
2025/2026- 100+ QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS 100%
CORRECT GUARANTEED SUCCESS
5th Amendment
(1) No Self-Incrimination (Miranda)
(2) No Double Jeopardy (defendant cannot be tried again on the same, or similar
charges)
(3) No deprivation of life liberty or property without "due process of law" (fair
treatment)
6th Amendment
The right to counsel in criminal trials. Gideon v. Wainwright held that states must
provide indigent defendants with a free lawyer ("public defender"). Right to jury in
criminal trials.
7th Amendment
Right to jury in civil trials.
15th Amendment
States cannot deny any person the right to vote because of race. Third of three
"Reconstruction Amendments" passed after Civil War. First Voting Rights
Amendment (with 19, 24 & 26)
16th Amendment
Power of Congress to tax income
17th Amendment
, 2
Established the direct election of senators (instead of being chosen by state
legislatures)
19th Amendment
States cannot deny the right to vote based on gender
1st Amendment
Freedom of religion (establishment & free exercise clauses), speech, press,
assembly, and petition.
22nd Amendment
Limits the president to two terms.
23rd Amendment
Gives Washington DC electoral college votes as if it were a state (DC still has no
representation in Congress)
24th Amendment
Abolishes poll taxes
26th Amendment
States cannot deny the right to vote based on age (18+)
2nd Amendment
Right to arm bears. Supported by National Rifle Association interest group &
Republican Party.
4th Amendment
No "unreasonable" searches and seizures. Exclusionary rule (Weeks v. US, Mapp v.
Ohio)
8th Amendment
Government cannot inflict cruel and unusual punishment. Meaning of "cruel"
based on "evolving standards of decency that mark the progress of a maturing
, 3
society." Categorical bans on death penalty: juveniles, retarded, non-murder
crimes...
9th Amendment
Unenumerated Rights Amendment. Citizens have unenumerated rights in addition
to those stated in the Constitution. Not been developed by Supreme Court (too
open ended)
Constitution
A nation's basic law, creates political institutions, assigns or divides power in
government and often provides certain guarantees to citizens. Can be written or
unwritten.
Agents of Socialization
Family (most important); TV/media (growing in importance); friends/peers; school
(formal socialization). How we develop (absorb) opinions & beliefs.
American Political Culture
A set of basic, foundational values and beliefs about government that is shared by
most citizens. Key elements: democracy, equality before the law, limited
government, capitalism & private property
Anti-Federalists
A group who opposed the ratification of the Constitution in 1787. They opposed a
strong central government (tyranny) and supported states' rights. "I smell a rat!"
Articles of Confederation
Set up the 1st independent American government (1783-88). Nonbinding "league
of friendship" among sovereign states with weak central government to help with
common defense & cooperation (like the European Union). Replaced by our
current constitution in 1788.
Bandwagon Effect
, 4
"Copy-cat" behavior. People often do things just because other people do them. In
primary elections, it is when people support the candidate everyone else seems to
be supporting (poll leaders). Leads to Primary Frontloading (states want to have
the most impact in the primary process)
Block Grants
Grants ($) given to the states by the federal government for a general purpose
(like education or road-building). Unlike categorical grants, states have discretion
to decide how to spend the money. Example = Temporary Assistance to Needy
Families (TANF) (States develop and implement welfare programs using federal
money).
Casework
Assistance given to individual constituents by congressional members, like helping
an elderly person figure out how to get Medicare benefits. Major incumbency
advantage.
Categorical Grant
A grant ($) given to the states by the federal government for a specific purpose or
program. The federal government tells the states exactly how to spend the money
(no state discretion unlike block grants). Example = Medicaid. Most common type
of federal grant because it gives Congress the most control over the states.
Checks and Balances
A major principle of the American system of government. Helps maintain
separation of powers so that no one branch gets too powerful. Explained in
Federalist 51. Examples: President vetos laws; Senate confirms appointments &
treaties; Congress impeaches president & judges...
Chief Justice John Marshall
In office from 1801-1835 (longest serving CJ). Supported increased power of
federal government. Decided McCulloch v. Maryland, Gibbons v. Ogden, and
Marbury v. Madison.
