NR565 Quizlet Flashcards for Final Exam
Bacterostatic kills the bacteria
bacteriocidal kills the bacteria and stops the growth or spread of the infection
Bacteriostatic drugs clindamycin
macrolides
sulfonamides
tetracyclines
Bactericidal drugs ahminoglycosides
beta-lactums
fluroquinolones
Metronidazole
Streptogramins
vancomycin
anti-microbial resistance 1.) not knowing if the pt had recent use of antibiotics
2.) provider overuse of broad=spectrum antibiotics
3.) not performing susceptibility testing
4.) Age younger than 2 years or older than 65 years
5.) Daycare center attendance
6.) Exposure to young children
7.) Multiple medical co-morbidities
8.) Immunosuppression
subclasses of Beta-lactams PCNS natural PCNS
aminopenicillins
anti-staphylococcal PCNs
extended Spectrum PCNs
Pharmacodynamics of Beta-lactam PCNs inhibit biosynthesis of bacterial wall (beta-lactam
ring)
1st line therapy for Strep pharyngitis.penicillin V
1st line therapy for all bites Amoxicillin/Clavulanate (Augmentin)
Natural PCN's, Drugs Penicillin V potassium (ledercillin) Penicillin G sodium (PCN G-Na)
Penicillin G procaine (Duracillin)
Penicillin G benzathine (Permapen)
Penicillin G potassium (Pfizerpen)
Natural PCNs active against aerobic gram (+) organisms
Aminopenicillins active against Gram (-) organisms
Aminopenicillins Drugs Amoxicillin
Ampicillin
Combinations:
Amoxicillin-clavulanate (Augmentin)
1st lines therapy for acute otitis media (AOM) & sinusitis Amoxicillin
When aminopenicillins are combined with beta-lactamase inhibitors their spectrum in
broadened
beta-lactamase inhibitors that can be combined with aminopenicillins clavulanate,
sulbactam, & tazobactam
Penicillinase-resistant penicillins drugs Nafcillin
, Oxacillin
Cloxacillin
Dicloxacillin
Methicillin
Penicillinase-resistant penicillins active against Streptococcus, MSSA, some coagulase-
negative staphylococci, peptostreptococcus
Anti-pseudomonal penicillin drugs piperacillin
ticarcillin
combination:
piperacillin/taxobactam
ticarcillin/clavulanate
Anti-pseudomonal penicillins active against gram (-) organisms
1st generation cephalosporins drugs Cephradine (Anspor)
Cefazolin (ancef)
Cefadroxil (Duricef)
Cephalexin (keflex)
2nd generation cephalosporins drugs Cefuroxime sodium (Zinacef)
Cefuroxime (Ceftin)
Cefaclor
Cefprozil
Cefotetan (Cefotetan)
Cefoxitin (Mefoxin)
3rd generation cephalosporins drugs Cefdinir (Omincef)
Cefpodoxime (Vantin)
Cefotaxime (Celizox)
Ceftazidime Fortax)
Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)
Cedax
Cefixime (Suprax)
4th generation cephalosporins drugs Cefepime (Maxipime)
1st generation cephalosporins active against gram (+) cocci
2nd generation cephalosporins active againstgram (+)
increased activity for H. influenzae
bateroides fragilis
3rd generation cephalosporins active against uncommon gram (-) organisms
4th generation cephalosporins active against primarily Gram (+) and but also Gram (-)
which cephalosporins are best against gram (+) organisms cefdinir & cefpodoxime
ADR for cephalosporins serum sickness
seizure
coagulation abnormalities
indications for cephalosporins exacerbation of chronic bronchitis
AOM (when amoxicillin fails)
Sinusitis
Pharmacodynamics of cephalosporins inhibit synthesis of bacterial cell wall
Bacterostatic kills the bacteria
bacteriocidal kills the bacteria and stops the growth or spread of the infection
Bacteriostatic drugs clindamycin
macrolides
sulfonamides
tetracyclines
Bactericidal drugs ahminoglycosides
beta-lactums
fluroquinolones
Metronidazole
Streptogramins
vancomycin
anti-microbial resistance 1.) not knowing if the pt had recent use of antibiotics
2.) provider overuse of broad=spectrum antibiotics
3.) not performing susceptibility testing
4.) Age younger than 2 years or older than 65 years
5.) Daycare center attendance
6.) Exposure to young children
7.) Multiple medical co-morbidities
8.) Immunosuppression
subclasses of Beta-lactams PCNS natural PCNS
aminopenicillins
anti-staphylococcal PCNs
extended Spectrum PCNs
Pharmacodynamics of Beta-lactam PCNs inhibit biosynthesis of bacterial wall (beta-lactam
ring)
1st line therapy for Strep pharyngitis.penicillin V
1st line therapy for all bites Amoxicillin/Clavulanate (Augmentin)
Natural PCN's, Drugs Penicillin V potassium (ledercillin) Penicillin G sodium (PCN G-Na)
Penicillin G procaine (Duracillin)
Penicillin G benzathine (Permapen)
Penicillin G potassium (Pfizerpen)
Natural PCNs active against aerobic gram (+) organisms
Aminopenicillins active against Gram (-) organisms
Aminopenicillins Drugs Amoxicillin
Ampicillin
Combinations:
Amoxicillin-clavulanate (Augmentin)
1st lines therapy for acute otitis media (AOM) & sinusitis Amoxicillin
When aminopenicillins are combined with beta-lactamase inhibitors their spectrum in
broadened
beta-lactamase inhibitors that can be combined with aminopenicillins clavulanate,
sulbactam, & tazobactam
Penicillinase-resistant penicillins drugs Nafcillin
, Oxacillin
Cloxacillin
Dicloxacillin
Methicillin
Penicillinase-resistant penicillins active against Streptococcus, MSSA, some coagulase-
negative staphylococci, peptostreptococcus
Anti-pseudomonal penicillin drugs piperacillin
ticarcillin
combination:
piperacillin/taxobactam
ticarcillin/clavulanate
Anti-pseudomonal penicillins active against gram (-) organisms
1st generation cephalosporins drugs Cephradine (Anspor)
Cefazolin (ancef)
Cefadroxil (Duricef)
Cephalexin (keflex)
2nd generation cephalosporins drugs Cefuroxime sodium (Zinacef)
Cefuroxime (Ceftin)
Cefaclor
Cefprozil
Cefotetan (Cefotetan)
Cefoxitin (Mefoxin)
3rd generation cephalosporins drugs Cefdinir (Omincef)
Cefpodoxime (Vantin)
Cefotaxime (Celizox)
Ceftazidime Fortax)
Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)
Cedax
Cefixime (Suprax)
4th generation cephalosporins drugs Cefepime (Maxipime)
1st generation cephalosporins active against gram (+) cocci
2nd generation cephalosporins active againstgram (+)
increased activity for H. influenzae
bateroides fragilis
3rd generation cephalosporins active against uncommon gram (-) organisms
4th generation cephalosporins active against primarily Gram (+) and but also Gram (-)
which cephalosporins are best against gram (+) organisms cefdinir & cefpodoxime
ADR for cephalosporins serum sickness
seizure
coagulation abnormalities
indications for cephalosporins exacerbation of chronic bronchitis
AOM (when amoxicillin fails)
Sinusitis
Pharmacodynamics of cephalosporins inhibit synthesis of bacterial cell wall
