BIOL 2230 Exam 3 Questions and
ii ii ii ii ii ii
ii
A Level Answers ii ii ii
What iiare iipathology, iietiology, iiand iipathogenesis? ii- iiPathology ii- iithe iistudy iiof
iidisease
ii
Etiology ii- iithe iicause iiof
iidisease
ii
Pathogenesis ii- iistudying iithe iiprocess iiof
iidisease
ii
How iidoes iithe iiterm iidisease iidiffer iifrom iiinfection? ii- iiDisease ii- iimovement iiof iithe
iibody ii
ii
away iifrom iia iistate iiof
ii"health"
ii
Infection ii- iicolonization iiof iithe iibody iiby
iimicroorganisms
ii
What iiare iithe iithree iitypes iiof iisymbiosis? ii- ii1) iiMutualism ii(+/+) ii→ iiEx. iiE.
iiColi
ii ii
2) iiCommensalism ii(+/0) ii→ iiEx. iiCandida
iialbicans
ii
3) iiParasitism ii(+/-) ii→ iiEx. iiVibrio
iicholera
ii
What iiis iinormal iiflora? iiExamples? ii- iiMicroorganism iiin/on iithe iibody iiat iiall
iitimes, ii
ii
500 iito ii5,000 iispecies iiat iiall
iitimes
ii
Ex. iiStaphylococcus iiepidermidis, iiLactobacillus iiacidophilus, iiE. iiColi ii
ii
What iiis iimicrobial iiantagonism? iiExamples? ii- ii"Good iibacteria," iinormal
iiflora, ii
ii
inhibit/prevent iigrowth iiof
iipathogens
ii
1) iiOut iiCompete: iiS.
iiepidermidis
ii
2) iiChange iiin iiEnvironment: iiL.
iiacidophilus
ii
3) iiBacteriocins: iiinhibits iibacterial iigrowth, iiE.
iiColi
ii
How iiis iinormal iiflora iiacquired? ii- iiL. iiacidophilus ii- iivaginal
iibirth ii
, ii ii
S. iiepidermidis ii-
iinursing
ii
E. iiColi ii- iicontaminated iifood,
iiitems
ii
What iiare iiopportunistic iipathogens? iiExamples? ii- iiNormal iiflora iithat iican iicause iidisease
iiin ii
ii ii
other iilocations iiof iithe
iibody
ii
Ex. iiE. iiColi ii→ iiUTI, iiwound, iilungs,
iiCSF ii
ii
iiS. iiaureus ii→ iiUTI,
iiwound
ii
What iiare iiprobiotics? iiExamples? ii- iiIntentional iiingestion iiof ii"good" iibacteria iito
iiantagonize ii
ii ii
"bad"
iibacteria
ii
Ex. iiYogurt, iiFecal iiTransplant ii
ii
What iiare iiKoch's iipostulates? ii- iiMethod iiused iito iiidentify iithe iietiological iicause iiof
iian ii
ii
infectious
iidisease
ii
What iiare iisome iilimitations iito iiKoch's iipostulates? ii- ii1) iiSome iidisease iihave
iimultiple ii
ii
causes
ii
2) Some iibacteria iionly iicause iidisease iiin iicertain iihosts ii
ii
3) Some iimicrobes iicannot iibe iipure iicultured ii
ii
4) Ethical iiconcerns ii
ii
What iiare iisymptoms iiand iisigns? iiExamples? ii- iiSymptoms ii- iia iichange iiin iibody
iifunction ii
ii
that iiis iifelt iiby iia iipatient iias iia iiresult iiof iia
iidisease
ii
Signs ii- iia iichange iidue iito iia iidisease iithat iia iiperson iican iiobserve iiand iimeasure ii
ii
What iiare iimeant iiby iithe iiterms iicommunicable, iicontagious, iiand ii non-
communicable? ii-
ii
Communicable ii- iiany iidisease iithat iican iibe iispread iifrom iione iihost iito
iianother
ii
Contagious ii- iia iidisease iithat iiis iieasily iispread iifrom iione iiperson iito iianother ii
ii
ii ii ii ii ii ii
ii
A Level Answers ii ii ii
What iiare iipathology, iietiology, iiand iipathogenesis? ii- iiPathology ii- iithe iistudy iiof
iidisease
ii
Etiology ii- iithe iicause iiof
iidisease
ii
Pathogenesis ii- iistudying iithe iiprocess iiof
iidisease
ii
How iidoes iithe iiterm iidisease iidiffer iifrom iiinfection? ii- iiDisease ii- iimovement iiof iithe
iibody ii
ii
away iifrom iia iistate iiof
ii"health"
ii
Infection ii- iicolonization iiof iithe iibody iiby
iimicroorganisms
ii
What iiare iithe iithree iitypes iiof iisymbiosis? ii- ii1) iiMutualism ii(+/+) ii→ iiEx. iiE.
iiColi
ii ii
2) iiCommensalism ii(+/0) ii→ iiEx. iiCandida
iialbicans
ii
3) iiParasitism ii(+/-) ii→ iiEx. iiVibrio
iicholera
ii
What iiis iinormal iiflora? iiExamples? ii- iiMicroorganism iiin/on iithe iibody iiat iiall
iitimes, ii
ii
500 iito ii5,000 iispecies iiat iiall
iitimes
ii
Ex. iiStaphylococcus iiepidermidis, iiLactobacillus iiacidophilus, iiE. iiColi ii
ii
What iiis iimicrobial iiantagonism? iiExamples? ii- ii"Good iibacteria," iinormal
iiflora, ii
ii
inhibit/prevent iigrowth iiof
iipathogens
ii
1) iiOut iiCompete: iiS.
iiepidermidis
ii
2) iiChange iiin iiEnvironment: iiL.
iiacidophilus
ii
3) iiBacteriocins: iiinhibits iibacterial iigrowth, iiE.
iiColi
ii
How iiis iinormal iiflora iiacquired? ii- iiL. iiacidophilus ii- iivaginal
iibirth ii
, ii ii
S. iiepidermidis ii-
iinursing
ii
E. iiColi ii- iicontaminated iifood,
iiitems
ii
What iiare iiopportunistic iipathogens? iiExamples? ii- iiNormal iiflora iithat iican iicause iidisease
iiin ii
ii ii
other iilocations iiof iithe
iibody
ii
Ex. iiE. iiColi ii→ iiUTI, iiwound, iilungs,
iiCSF ii
ii
iiS. iiaureus ii→ iiUTI,
iiwound
ii
What iiare iiprobiotics? iiExamples? ii- iiIntentional iiingestion iiof ii"good" iibacteria iito
iiantagonize ii
ii ii
"bad"
iibacteria
ii
Ex. iiYogurt, iiFecal iiTransplant ii
ii
What iiare iiKoch's iipostulates? ii- iiMethod iiused iito iiidentify iithe iietiological iicause iiof
iian ii
ii
infectious
iidisease
ii
What iiare iisome iilimitations iito iiKoch's iipostulates? ii- ii1) iiSome iidisease iihave
iimultiple ii
ii
causes
ii
2) Some iibacteria iionly iicause iidisease iiin iicertain iihosts ii
ii
3) Some iimicrobes iicannot iibe iipure iicultured ii
ii
4) Ethical iiconcerns ii
ii
What iiare iisymptoms iiand iisigns? iiExamples? ii- iiSymptoms ii- iia iichange iiin iibody
iifunction ii
ii
that iiis iifelt iiby iia iipatient iias iia iiresult iiof iia
iidisease
ii
Signs ii- iia iichange iidue iito iia iidisease iithat iia iiperson iican iiobserve iiand iimeasure ii
ii
What iiare iimeant iiby iithe iiterms iicommunicable, iicontagious, iiand ii non-
communicable? ii-
ii
Communicable ii- iiany iidisease iithat iican iibe iispread iifrom iione iihost iito
iianother
ii
Contagious ii- iia iidisease iithat iiis iieasily iispread iifrom iione iiperson iito iianother ii
ii
