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,Chapter 1 Test A
F F F




MULTIPLEFCHOICE

INSTRUCTIONS:FTheFfollowingFselectionsFrelateFtoFdistinguishingFargumentsFfromFnonargumentsF
andFidentifyingFconclusions.FSelectFtheFbestFanswerFforFeach.

1. ThereFappearsFtoFbeFaFgrowingFhappinessFgapFbetweenFmenFandFwomen.FWomenFtodayFareFworking
moreFandFrelaxingFless,FwhileFmenFareFworkingFlessFandFrelaxingFmore.FFortyFyearsFagoFaFtypicalFw
F

omanFspentF40FminutesFmoreFperFweekFthanFtheFtypicalFmanFperformingFanFactivityFconsideredFunpl
easant.FToday,FwithFmenFworkingFless,FtheFgapFisF90FminutesFandFgrowing.
a. Argument;Fconclusion:FTodayF...FtheFgapFisF90FminutesFandFgrowing.
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument;Fconclusion:FFortyFyearsFagoF...FanFactivityFconsideredFunpleasant.
d. Argument;Fconclusion:FThereFappearsFtoFbeF...FbetweenFmenFandFwomen.
e. Argument;Fconclusion:FWomenFtodayFareFworkingFmoreFandFrelaxingFless.
ANS:F D
F PTS:F 2

2. LeadFisFtoxic,FbutFdoFyouFknowFwhy?FLeadFisFtoxicFmainlyFbecauseFitFpreferentiallyFreplacesFotherFmet
alsFinFbiochemicalFreactions.FInFsoFdoingFitFinterferesFwithFtheFproteinsFthatFregulateFbloodFpressureF(w
hichFcanFcauseFdevelopmentFdelaysFinFchildrenFandFhighFbloodFpressureFinFadults),FhemeFproductionF(
whichFcanFleadFtoFanemia),FandFspermFproduction.FLeadFalsoFdisplacesFcalciumFinFtheFreactionsFthatFtr
ansmitFelectricalFimpulsesFinFtheFbrain,FwhichFdiminishesFtheFabilityFtoFthinkFandFrecallFinformation.
AnneFMarieFHelmstine,F"YourFGuideFtoFChemistry"
a. Argument;Fconclusion:FItFinterferesFwithFtheFproteinsF...FandFspermFproduction.
b. Argument;Fconclusion:FLeadFisFtoxic.
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument;Fconclusion:FItFpreferentiallyFreplacesFotherFmetalsFinFbiochemicalFreactions.
e. Argument;Fconclusion:FLeadFalsoFdisplacesFcalciumF...FrecallFinformation.
ANS:F C
F PTS:F 2

3. AristotleFfocusedFonFclarifyingFtheFconceptFofFvirtueFitself.FHeFarguedFthatFitFwasFvirtuousFtoFchooseFth
eFproperFamountFofFemotionFand/orFactionFcalledFforFinFaFparticularFsituationFandFthatFextremesFofFemoti
onFandFactionFwereFvices.FInFallFcommunitiesFthereFareFsomeFmenFofFpracticalFwisdomFwhoFhaveFtheFca
pacityFtoFjudgeFwisely.FAristotleFarguedFthatFtheyFhaveFtheFcapacityFtoFfollowFtheF"rightFrule"FwhateverF
theFsituation.
DavidFCooper,FValueFPluralismFandFEthicalFChoice
a. Argument;Fconclusion:FInFallFcommunitiesF...FcapacityFtoFjudgeFwisely.
b. Argument;Fconclusion:FAristotleFfocusedFonFclarifyingFtheFconceptFofFvirtueFitself.
c. Argument;Fconclusion:FTheyFhaveFtheFcapacityFtoFfollowF...FtheFsituation.
d. Argument;Fconclusion:FHeFarguedFthatFitFwasFvirtuousF...FwereFvices
e. Nonargument.
ANS:F E PTS:F 2

4. IllegalFimmigrantsFpayFlocalFsalesFtaxes,FandFmanyFofFthemFalsoFpayFstate,Flocal,FandFfederalFincomeFta
xFandFSocialFSecurityFtax.FTheyFalsoFpurchaseFitemsFfromFlocalFmerchants,FincreasingFtheFamountFtheseF
merchantsFpayFinFtaxes.FInFaddition,FtheyFworkFforFlowFsalaries,FwhichFincreasesFtheFearningsFofFtheirFe
mployersFandFtheFamountFofFtaxesFtheseFemployersFpay.FThus,FitFisFnotFcorrectFtoFsayFthatFillegalFimmig
rantsFcontributeFnothingFtoFtheFcommunitiesFinFwhichFtheyFlive.
a. Argument;Fconclusion:FItFisFnotFcorrectFtoFsayF...FcommunitiesFinFwhichFtheyFlive.




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, b. Argument;Fconclusion:FTheyFworkFforFlowFsalariesF...FtheseFemployersFpay.
c. Argument;Fconclusion:FIllegalFimmigrantsFpayF...FSocialFSecurityFtax.
d. Argument;Fconclusion:FTheyFalsoFpurchaseFitemsF...FpayFinFtaxes.
e. Nonargument.
ANS:F A PTS:F 2

5. NumerousFstudiesFhaveFindicatedFthatFwomenFofFcolor,FblackFwomenFinFparticular,FareFover-
arrested,Fover-indicted,FandFover-sentenced.FAfrican-
AmericanFwomenFareFsevenFtimesFmoreFlikelyFtoFbeFarrestedFforFprostitutionFthanFwomenFofFotherFeth
nicFgroups.FBlackFwomenFhaveFreceivedFsignificantlyFlongerFsentencesFforFcrimesFagainstFpropertyFand
FservedFlongerFperiodsFinFprison.FForFbothFmurderFandFdrugFoffenses,FEuroamericanFwomenFendedFupFs
ervingFone-thirdFlessFtimeFforFtheFsameFoffensesFthanFblackFwomen.
NancyFKurshan,F"WomenFandFImprisonmentFinFtheFU.S."
a. Argument;Fconclusion:FAfrican-AmericanFwomenF...FotherFethnicFgroups.
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument;Fconclusion:FForFbothFmurderFandFdrugFoffensesF...FblackFwomen.
d. Argument;Fconclusion:FNumerousFstudiesFhaveFindicatedF...Fover-sentenced.
e. Argument;Fconclusion:FBlackFwomenFhaveFreceivedF...FlongerFperiodsFinFprison
.FANS:F B PTS:F 2

6. It'sFevenFmoreFimportantFtheseFdaysFthatFyourFcomputerFbeFprotectedFbyFaFfirewall.FThereFareFcriminalF
elementsFlurkingFinFtheFshadowsFofFcyberspaceFwhoFsendFoutFprobesFtoFdetectFunprotectedFPCs.FOnceF
aFvulnerableFcomputerFisFfound,FtheseFcriminalsFinstallFsoftwareFthatFassistsFthemFinFcommittingFidentit
yFtheftFandFfencingFstolenFIDs.FTheyFalsoFdefraudFonlineFadvertisersFbyFusingFtheseFzombieFcomputersF
toFvisitFpay-per-clickFads.
a. Argument;Fconclusion:FThereFareFcriminalFelementsF...FtoFdetectFunprotectedFPCs.
b. Argument;Fconclusion:FOnceFaFvulnerableFcomputerF...FfencingFstolenFIDs.
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument;Fconclusion:FTheyFalsoFdefraudF...FtoFvisitFpay-per-clickFads.
e. Argument;Fconclusion:FIt'sFevenFmoreFimportantF...FprotectedFbyFaFfirewall
.FANS:F E PTS:F 2

7. TheFearthFisFofFinterestFtoFastronomyFforFmanyFreasons.FNearlyFallFobservationsFmustFbeFmadeFthroughFt
heFatmosphere,FandFtheFphenomenaFofFtheFupperFatmosphereFandFtheFmagnetosphereFreflectFtheFstateFofF
interplanetaryFspace.FTheFearthFisFalsoFtheFmostFimportantFobjectFofFcomparisonFforFplanetologists.
HannuFKarttunen,FetFal.,FFundamentalFAstronomy
a. Argument;Fconclusion:FTheFphenomenaF...FstateFofFinterplanetaryFspace.
b. Argument;Fconclusion:FTheFearthFisFalsoF...FforFplanetologists.
c. Argument;Fconclusion:FTheFearthFisFofFinterestFtoFastronomy.
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument;Fconclusion:FNearlyFallFobservationsF...FthroughFtheFatmosphere.
ANS:F C
F PTS:F 2

8. IfFtheFtradeFinFtigerFproductsFisFbanned,FtigerFreservesFareFguardedFbyFwellFequippedFstaff,FcommunitiesF
abuttingFtigerFhabitatFareFgivenFaFstakeFinFprotectingFtigers,FandFtheFmakersFofFtraditionalFmedicinesFcan
beFpersuadedFthatFtigerFpartsFareFnotFneeded,FthenFtigerFpoachingFwillFbeFhalted,FhabitatFandFlifeFsustain
F

ingFpreyFwillFbeFrestored,FandFtheFimmanentFextinctionFofFtigersFinFtheFwildFwillFbeFaverted.
a. Nonargument.
b. Argument;Fconclusion:FTheFtradeFinFtigerFproductsFisFbanned.
c. Argument;Fconclusion:FTigerFpoachingFwillFbeFhalted.
d. Argument;Fconclusion:FTheFmakersFofFtraditionalFmedicinesF...FnotFneeded.



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, e. Argument;Fconclusion:FTigerFpoachingFwillFbeFhaltedF...FwillFbeFaverted
.FANS:F A PTS:F 2

9. HumansFareFbiologicalForganisms.FToFunderstandFourFbehaviorFandFmentalFprocesses,FweFneedFtoFund
erstandFtheirFbiologicalFunderpinnings,FstartingFwithFtheFcellularFlevel,FtheFneuron.FHowFweFfeel,Flearn
,Fremember,FandFthinkFallFstemFfromFneuronalFactivity.FSo,FhowFaFneuronFworksFandFhowFneuronsFcom
municateFareFcrucialFpiecesFofFinformationFinFsolvingFtheFpuzzleFofFhumanFbehaviorFandFmentalFproce
ssing.
RichardFGriggs,FPsychology:FAFConciseFIntroduction
a. Argument;Fconclusion:FToFunderstandFourFbehaviorF...FtheFneuron.
b. Argument;Fconclusion:FHumansFareFbiologicalForganisms.
c. Argument;Fconclusion:FHowFweFfeelF...FneuronalFactivity.
d. Argument;Fconclusion:FHowFaFneuronFworksF...FmentalFprocessing.
e. Nonargument.
ANS:F D PTS:F 2

10. VirusesFareFacellularFentitiesFtooFsmallFtoFbeFseenFwithFaFlightFmicroscope.FTheyFareFcomposedFofFaFnu
cleicFacidFandFaFfewFproteins.FVirusesFreplicateFthemselvesFandFdisplayFotherFpropertiesFofFlivingForgan
ismsFonlyFwhenFtheyFhaveFinvadedFlivingFcells.FIndeed,FsomeFvirusesFcanFbeFcrystallizedFandFstoredFinF
aFcontainerFonFaFshelfFforFyears,FbutFtheyFretainFtheFcapacityFtoFinvadeFcellsFandFcauseFdisease.
JacquelynFC.FBlack,FMicrobiology:FPrinciplesFandFExplorations
a. Argument;Fconclusion:FTheyFareFcomposedFofFaFnucleicFacidFandFaFfewFproteins.
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument;Fconclusion:FVirusesFareFacellularFentitiesF...Fmicroscope.
d. Argument;Fconclusion:FIndeed,FsomeFvirusesFcanFbeFcrystallizedF...FcauseFdisease.
e. Argument;Fconclusion:FVirusesFreplicateFthemselvesF...FinvadedFlivingFcells.
ANS:F B
F PTS:F 2

11. HarnessingFtheFclean,FabundantFenergyFofFtheFsunFandFwindFisFcriticalFtoFsolvingFtheFglobalFwarmingF
problem.FTechnologicalFadvancesFhaveFbroughtFtheFcostFofFelectricityFgeneratedFbyFtheFwindFdownFbyF
82FpercentFsinceF1981.FSolarFenergyFtechnologyFhasFmadeFremarkableFprogressFasFnewFphotovoltaicFc
ellsFhaveFbeenFdevelopedFtoFconvertFevenFgreaterFamountsFofFsunlightFdirectlyFintoFelectricity.FTodayFt
heFcostsFofFwindFandFsolarFpowerFareFbecomingFcompetitiveFwithFdirtyFcoal-firedFplants.
SierraFClub,F"GlobalFWarmingFSolutions"
a. Argument;Fconclusion:FTodayFtheFcostsFofFwindF...FdirtyFcoal-firedFplants.
b. Argument;Fconclusion:FTechnologicalFadvancesF...FbyF82FpercentFsinceF1981.
c. Argument;Fconclusion:FHarnessingFtheFcleanF...FtheFglobalFwarmingFproblem.
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument;Fconclusion:FSolarFenergyFtechnologyF...FdirectlyFintoFelectricity
.FANS:F D PTS:F 2

12. ItFisFlikelyFthatFinnocentFprisonersFinFthisFcountryFhaveFbeenFexecutedFforFcrimesFtheyFdidFnotFcommit.F
FromF1973FuntilF2007,F124FdeathFrowFinmatesFhaveFbeenFexonerated.FInFmanyFofFtheseFcasesFDNAFevid
enceFplayedFaFcrucialFrole.FYet,FinFthatFsameFtimeFframe,FmoreFthanF1000FprisonersFwereFexecuted.FForF
manyFofFtheseFprisonersFnoFDNAFevidenceFwasFavailable.FIfFsuchFevidenceFhadFbeenFavailable,FhowFma
yFmoreFwouldFhaveFbeenFexonerated?
a. Argument;Fconclusion:FInFmanyFofFtheseFcasesF...FplayedFaFcrucialFrole.
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument;Fconclusion:FFromF1973F...FhaveFbeenFexonerated.
d. Argument;Fconclusion:FForFmanyFofFtheseFprisonersF...FwasFavailable.
e. Argument;Fconclusion:FItFisFlikelyFthatFinnocentFprisonersF...FtheyFdidFnotFcommit.



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