QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
2025-2026
Interventions with the Most Positive Impact on Cardiac Arrest Patient's Outcome
Early CPR and defibrillation
Response to 'No Shock' Message from AED in Cardiac Arrest
Resume chest compressions
Maximum Time to Check for Spontaneous Breathing in Unresponsive Child
10 seconds
CPR Compression Depth and Rate for Adult
2.0-2.4 in, 100-150 BPM
Compression to Ventilation Ratio for Adult Two-Rescuer CPR
30:2
Artery to Palpate for Pulse in Infant
Brachial
Reassessment Interval for Return of Respirations/Circulation in CPR
Every 2 minutes
Preferred Method to Remove Foreign Body in Unresponsive Child
Chest compressions
Cause of Cardiogenic Shock
Inadequate function of the heart muscle
Definition of Pericardial Effusion
Collection of fluid between the pericardial sac and the myocardium
Cardiac Tamponade
Occurs when blood leaks into the space between the pericardium and the pericardial sac
Signs and Symptoms of Cardiac Tamponade
, Beck triad: jugular vein distention, muffled heart sounds, narrowing pulse pressure
Signs of Cardiogenic Shock
-Skin: cool, clammy, ashen
-High BP
-Rapid, shallow breathing
-Weak, irregular pulse
-Anxiety, nausea
Differential Diagnosis of Patient
Cardiogenic shock
Heart Division
Septum
Chamber Receiving Unoxygenated Blood
Atrium
Chamber Pumping Oxygenated Blood
Ventricles
Origin of Normal Electrical Impulses
Sinoatrial (SA) node
Cardiac Muscle Cell Characteristic
Automaticity
Sympathetic Nervous System Effects
-Increase HR, RR
-Constrict blood vessels in muscles
Parasympathetic Nervous System Effects
Decreases HR and RR, Constricts blood vessels in muscles (opposes sympathetic NS)
Coronary Arteries Oxygen Supply
Dilation
Heart Blood Supply