PHARMACOLOGY EXAM 1 - ELSEVIER
QUIZ QUESTIONS EXAM WITH
CORRECT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
2025
Which factor is a major pharmacokinetic process?
a. physiologic interactions of drugs
b. interactions among various drugs
c. adverse reactions to drugs
d. absorption of drugs - CORRECT-ANSWERSd. absorption of drugs
Pharmacokinetics involves the way the drug moves through the body, including absorption,
distribution, metabolism, and excretion
Which statement represents a physiologic change that may alter pharmacodynamics in older
adults prescribed multiple medications?
a. the % of drug absorbed often is decreased in older adults
b. most older adults have decreased body fat and increased lean mass
c. renal function declines with age, leading to decreased drug excretion
d. hepatic metabolism tends to increase in older adults, resulting in decreased drug levels -
CORRECT-ANSWERSc. renal function declines with age, leading to decreased drug excretion
,Although absorption may be delayed in older adults, the % absorbed does not change. Most
older adults have increased body fat and decreased lean mass. Hepatic metabolism tends to
decline with age.
Which term refers to the study of how the administration of a drug influences cell physiology?
a. pharmacology
b. pharmacokinetics
c. pharmacodynamics
d. pharmacotherapeutics - CORRECT-ANSWERSc. pharmacodynamics
Pharmacodynamics studies what drugs do to the body (how they influence cellular physiology)
Which phase of pharmacokinetics is of the greatest concern for the nurse when assessing for
drug effects in older adults?
a. absorption
b. distribution
c. metabolism
d. excretion - CORRECT-ANSWERSd. excretion
Although pharmacokinetic changes in older adults affect all phases of pharmacokinetics, drug
accumulation secondary to reduce renal excretion is the most important cause of adverse drug
reactions in older adults
,What is the correct order of the pharmacokinetic processes for parenteral drugs?
1. biotransformation
2. distribution
3. elimination
4. absorption - CORRECT-ANSWERS4. absportion
2. distribution
1. biotransformation
3. elimination
The first step in the process of pharmacokinetics is absorption. The drug moves from the GI
tract to body fluids by passive absorption, active absorption, or pinocytosis. The absorbed drug
is distributed by blood flow, the tissue's affinity for the drug, and the protein-binding effect.
The distributed drug undergoes metabolism or biotransformation in various organs of the
body, but the liver is the primary site of metabolism. The kidney filter free, unbound drugs,
water-soluble drugs, and drugs that are unchanged through the process of elimination or
excretion.
Which statement is true about new drug development? Select all that apply.
a. all adverse effects are known before a drug is approved for release
b. phase I of clinical testing occurs with patients to determine therapeutic effects
c. preclinical testing of drugs is always performed in healthy, nonpregnant adults
, d. participants in drug trials are unaware of whether they receive the drug or a placebo
e. during preclinical testing, drugs are evaluated for toxicities, kinetic properties, and useful
effects - CORRECT-ANSWERSd. participants in drug trials are unaware of whether they receive
the drug or a placebo
e. during preclinical testing, drugs are evaluated for toxicities, kinetic properties, and useful
effects
During the testing process, randomized controlled trials are used, in which the participants are
unaware of which subjects are getting the drug, placebo, or control. Kinetics, toxicities, and
effectiveness are tested during the preclinical phase. Because drug testing occurs in relatively
small # of patients, those patients are carefully selected, the drug is taken for a relatively short
time, and not all adverse are detected during the drug testing process. Phase I clinical testing is
on healthy volunteers to evaluate pharmacokinetics, metabolism, and biological effects.
Patient use occurs in Phases II and III. Preclinical drug testing is not performed in humans; it is
done mostly in animals.
A new nurse is caring for a patient who has been taking morphine sulfate for pain for 2 weeks.
Which statement by the nurse shows an understanding of pharmacodynamic tolerance?
a. "The minimum effective concentration of morphine is lowered."
b. "The patient will require increased doses of morphine to achieve pain relief."
c. "An increase in responsiveness to morphine results from repeated dosing over a short
period."
QUIZ QUESTIONS EXAM WITH
CORRECT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
2025
Which factor is a major pharmacokinetic process?
a. physiologic interactions of drugs
b. interactions among various drugs
c. adverse reactions to drugs
d. absorption of drugs - CORRECT-ANSWERSd. absorption of drugs
Pharmacokinetics involves the way the drug moves through the body, including absorption,
distribution, metabolism, and excretion
Which statement represents a physiologic change that may alter pharmacodynamics in older
adults prescribed multiple medications?
a. the % of drug absorbed often is decreased in older adults
b. most older adults have decreased body fat and increased lean mass
c. renal function declines with age, leading to decreased drug excretion
d. hepatic metabolism tends to increase in older adults, resulting in decreased drug levels -
CORRECT-ANSWERSc. renal function declines with age, leading to decreased drug excretion
,Although absorption may be delayed in older adults, the % absorbed does not change. Most
older adults have increased body fat and decreased lean mass. Hepatic metabolism tends to
decline with age.
Which term refers to the study of how the administration of a drug influences cell physiology?
a. pharmacology
b. pharmacokinetics
c. pharmacodynamics
d. pharmacotherapeutics - CORRECT-ANSWERSc. pharmacodynamics
Pharmacodynamics studies what drugs do to the body (how they influence cellular physiology)
Which phase of pharmacokinetics is of the greatest concern for the nurse when assessing for
drug effects in older adults?
a. absorption
b. distribution
c. metabolism
d. excretion - CORRECT-ANSWERSd. excretion
Although pharmacokinetic changes in older adults affect all phases of pharmacokinetics, drug
accumulation secondary to reduce renal excretion is the most important cause of adverse drug
reactions in older adults
,What is the correct order of the pharmacokinetic processes for parenteral drugs?
1. biotransformation
2. distribution
3. elimination
4. absorption - CORRECT-ANSWERS4. absportion
2. distribution
1. biotransformation
3. elimination
The first step in the process of pharmacokinetics is absorption. The drug moves from the GI
tract to body fluids by passive absorption, active absorption, or pinocytosis. The absorbed drug
is distributed by blood flow, the tissue's affinity for the drug, and the protein-binding effect.
The distributed drug undergoes metabolism or biotransformation in various organs of the
body, but the liver is the primary site of metabolism. The kidney filter free, unbound drugs,
water-soluble drugs, and drugs that are unchanged through the process of elimination or
excretion.
Which statement is true about new drug development? Select all that apply.
a. all adverse effects are known before a drug is approved for release
b. phase I of clinical testing occurs with patients to determine therapeutic effects
c. preclinical testing of drugs is always performed in healthy, nonpregnant adults
, d. participants in drug trials are unaware of whether they receive the drug or a placebo
e. during preclinical testing, drugs are evaluated for toxicities, kinetic properties, and useful
effects - CORRECT-ANSWERSd. participants in drug trials are unaware of whether they receive
the drug or a placebo
e. during preclinical testing, drugs are evaluated for toxicities, kinetic properties, and useful
effects
During the testing process, randomized controlled trials are used, in which the participants are
unaware of which subjects are getting the drug, placebo, or control. Kinetics, toxicities, and
effectiveness are tested during the preclinical phase. Because drug testing occurs in relatively
small # of patients, those patients are carefully selected, the drug is taken for a relatively short
time, and not all adverse are detected during the drug testing process. Phase I clinical testing is
on healthy volunteers to evaluate pharmacokinetics, metabolism, and biological effects.
Patient use occurs in Phases II and III. Preclinical drug testing is not performed in humans; it is
done mostly in animals.
A new nurse is caring for a patient who has been taking morphine sulfate for pain for 2 weeks.
Which statement by the nurse shows an understanding of pharmacodynamic tolerance?
a. "The minimum effective concentration of morphine is lowered."
b. "The patient will require increased doses of morphine to achieve pain relief."
c. "An increase in responsiveness to morphine results from repeated dosing over a short
period."
