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HESI A2 2025 Exam Bank: 200 Practice
Questions with Answers & Rationales on
Nutrition, Infection Control, Basic Science &
More
Table of Contents
Sub-topic 1: Macronutrients and Micronutrients in Human Nutrition...............2
Sub-topic 2: Principles of Infection Control and Asepsis................................11
Sub-topic 3: Human Anatomy and Terminology in Basic Sciences.................20
Sub-topic 4: Microbiology and Pathogen Identification..................................29
Sub-topic 5: Fluids, Electrolytes, and Acid-Base Balance...............................38
Part 6 – Sub-topic: Pharmacology and Medication Safety..............................47
Sub-topic 7: Growth and Development, Nutrition, and Health Promotion......56
Sub-topic 8: Safety, Vital Signs, and Basic Clinical Skills...............................64
Sub-topic 9: Reproductive and Endocrine Systems........................................73
Sub-topic 10: Microbiology and Infection Control..........................................82
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Sub-topic 1: Macronutrients and
Micronutrients in Human Nutrition
Question 1
Which of the following vitamins is fat-soluble and plays a role in vision and
immune function?
A. Vitamin C
B. Vitamin A
C. Vitamin B12
D. Vitamin B6
Correct Answer: B. Vitamin A
Rationale: Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin essential for retinal function,
immune health, and epithelial integrity. Vitamin C and B-complex vitamins
are water-soluble.
Question 2
Which of the following macronutrients provides the most energy per gram?
A. Protein
B. Carbohydrate
C. Fat
D. Fiber
Correct Answer: C. Fat
Rationale: Fat yields 9 kcal/gram, while protein and carbohydrates yield 4
kcal/gram. Fiber is mostly indigestible and contributes negligible energy.
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Question 3
A patient with a vegan diet may be at risk for a deficiency in which of the
following?
A. Vitamin C
B. Iron
C. Vitamin B12
D. Vitamin A
Correct Answer: C. Vitamin B12
Rationale: Vitamin B12 is naturally found in animal products. Vegans must
consume fortified foods or supplements to meet their needs.
Question 4
What is the primary function of dietary fiber?
A. Providing essential amino acids
B. Enhancing calcium absorption
C. Acting as a coenzyme in metabolism
D. Promoting bowel regularity
Correct Answer: D. Promoting bowel regularity
Rationale: Dietary fiber adds bulk to stool, aiding in digestion and preventing
constipation.
Question 5
Which mineral is crucial for oxygen transport in the blood?
, 4
A. Calcium
B. Iron
C. Potassium
D. Zinc
Correct Answer: B. Iron
Rationale: Iron is a component of hemoglobin, responsible for carrying
oxygen throughout the body.
Question 6
Which vitamin deficiency is commonly associated with neural tube defects in
newborns?
A. Folate (Vitamin B9)
B. Vitamin D
C. Vitamin C
D. Niacin
Correct Answer: A. Folate (Vitamin B9)
Rationale: Folate is crucial during early pregnancy for neural tube
development. Deficiency can lead to spina bifida and other birth defects.
Question 7
Which of the following foods is the best source of complete protein?
A. Rice
B. Lentils
HESI A2 2025 Exam Bank: 200 Practice
Questions with Answers & Rationales on
Nutrition, Infection Control, Basic Science &
More
Table of Contents
Sub-topic 1: Macronutrients and Micronutrients in Human Nutrition...............2
Sub-topic 2: Principles of Infection Control and Asepsis................................11
Sub-topic 3: Human Anatomy and Terminology in Basic Sciences.................20
Sub-topic 4: Microbiology and Pathogen Identification..................................29
Sub-topic 5: Fluids, Electrolytes, and Acid-Base Balance...............................38
Part 6 – Sub-topic: Pharmacology and Medication Safety..............................47
Sub-topic 7: Growth and Development, Nutrition, and Health Promotion......56
Sub-topic 8: Safety, Vital Signs, and Basic Clinical Skills...............................64
Sub-topic 9: Reproductive and Endocrine Systems........................................73
Sub-topic 10: Microbiology and Infection Control..........................................82
, 2
Sub-topic 1: Macronutrients and
Micronutrients in Human Nutrition
Question 1
Which of the following vitamins is fat-soluble and plays a role in vision and
immune function?
A. Vitamin C
B. Vitamin A
C. Vitamin B12
D. Vitamin B6
Correct Answer: B. Vitamin A
Rationale: Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin essential for retinal function,
immune health, and epithelial integrity. Vitamin C and B-complex vitamins
are water-soluble.
Question 2
Which of the following macronutrients provides the most energy per gram?
A. Protein
B. Carbohydrate
C. Fat
D. Fiber
Correct Answer: C. Fat
Rationale: Fat yields 9 kcal/gram, while protein and carbohydrates yield 4
kcal/gram. Fiber is mostly indigestible and contributes negligible energy.
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Question 3
A patient with a vegan diet may be at risk for a deficiency in which of the
following?
A. Vitamin C
B. Iron
C. Vitamin B12
D. Vitamin A
Correct Answer: C. Vitamin B12
Rationale: Vitamin B12 is naturally found in animal products. Vegans must
consume fortified foods or supplements to meet their needs.
Question 4
What is the primary function of dietary fiber?
A. Providing essential amino acids
B. Enhancing calcium absorption
C. Acting as a coenzyme in metabolism
D. Promoting bowel regularity
Correct Answer: D. Promoting bowel regularity
Rationale: Dietary fiber adds bulk to stool, aiding in digestion and preventing
constipation.
Question 5
Which mineral is crucial for oxygen transport in the blood?
, 4
A. Calcium
B. Iron
C. Potassium
D. Zinc
Correct Answer: B. Iron
Rationale: Iron is a component of hemoglobin, responsible for carrying
oxygen throughout the body.
Question 6
Which vitamin deficiency is commonly associated with neural tube defects in
newborns?
A. Folate (Vitamin B9)
B. Vitamin D
C. Vitamin C
D. Niacin
Correct Answer: A. Folate (Vitamin B9)
Rationale: Folate is crucial during early pregnancy for neural tube
development. Deficiency can lead to spina bifida and other birth defects.
Question 7
Which of the following foods is the best source of complete protein?
A. Rice
B. Lentils
