G-3 Classes
1/1550, M.S.Park, Delhi-32, 93 123 585 35, www.g3classes.com
Chemistry: -
“Chemistry is a branch of science which deals with the study of matter, its physical and
chemical properties, its chemical composition, the physical and chemical changes which
it undergoes and the energy changes that accompany these processes”
Importance of chemistry: -
1. Chemistry in medicines
a) Lifesaving drugs like Taxol and Cisplatin for cancer therapy
b) AZT (azidothymidine) used for helping AIDS victims
c) Antipyretics (to lower body temperature in high fever), analgesics (to
relieve pain),
d) tranquilizers (for treatment of stress and mental diseases), antimicrobials
(to cure infections), antimalarials (to treat malaria) etc.
e) Antibiotics such as penicillin, amoxycillin, streptomycin and broad
spectrum antibiotics such as tetracycline, chloramphenicol, etc. have
cured a variety of diseases due to harmful micro-organisms.
2. Chemistry in medicines
a) Synthetic fibre like rayon, nylon, Dacron etc
b) Plastic like bakelite, taflon, polythene etc.
c) Building material like cement, glass, steel, paint etc
3. Chemistry in agriculture
a) Chemistry has provided chemical fertilizers,
b) improved varieties of insecticides, fungicides and pesticides to
increase the yield of crops and fruits.
c) Preservatives like sodium benzoate, sodium metabisulphite, salicylic acid
for better preservation of food
4. Chemistry in comforts, pleasure and luxuries
a) Domestic requirement such as paper, fabrics, soaps, cosmetics, oils, dyer,
perfumes
b) Air conditioning, we use chemical substance like liquid ammonia or
liquid sulphur dioxide
c) Film industries films made up of celluloid coated with suitable chemicals
d) Fire works are chemical products
Chemistry by Er. Manish 8860582309 , Class-XII Chapter-1 Some basic concept of chemistry
An institution for preparation IIT-JEE, AIPMT,CA CPT, CBSE under guidance Dr.Vashistha M.Sc.,M.Ed.,Ph.D.(Physics)
1/1550,Kala-Niketan, Podhon Wali Gali, & 13 A DDA Flats Main Road Mansarover Park,Delhi-32 P | 1/1
, G-3 Classes
1/1550, M.S.Park, Delhi-32, 93 123 585 35, www.g3classes.com
5. Chemistry for giving us new materials
In recent years, chemistry has given us new materials such as super-conducting
ceramics, conducting polymers, optical fibres, microalloys, carbon fibres, etc.
6. Chemistry in war
It is responsible for the discovery of highly explosive substances such as
dynamite, TNT (trinitrotoluene), RDX, nitroglycerine, poisonous gases such as
mustard gas, phosgene, lewisite and many deadly weapons such as atom bomb
and hydrogen bomb.
7. Chemistry and energy sources
The energy sources are petroleum, coal, wood, nuclear fuels etc
Problem caused by progress in chemistry: -
a) PVC produced from vinyl chloride can cause liver cancer in industrial workers
b) Antibiotics have eliminated infectious disease but their overuse is very harmful
c) Use of plastic, polythene bags create pollution problem
d) Drugs like LSD, Cocaine, brown sugar etc criple the society
MATTER
Anything that has mass and occupies space is called matter. Like chair, pen, human ,
water, air et
Classification of Matter
Chemistry by Er. Manish 8860582309 , Class-XII Chapter-1 Some basic concept of chemistry
An institution for preparation IIT-JEE, AIPMT,CA CPT, CBSE under guidance Dr.Vashistha M.Sc.,M.Ed.,Ph.D.(Physics)
1/1550,Kala-Niketan, Podhon Wali Gali, & 13 A DDA Flats Main Road Mansarover Park,Delhi-32 P | 2/1
, G-3 Classes
1/1550, M.S.Park, Delhi-32, 93 123 585 35, www.g3classes.com
Element: -
The simplest form of a pure substance which can neither be decomposed into nor built
from simpler substances by ordinary physical or chemical methods.
Metals
Metals are those elements which easily loose valence electron and form
positive ions
Na Na e
Mg Mg 2 2e
These elements are generally solids and possess characteristics such as bright
lustre, hardness and ability to conduct electricity and heat. These are generally
malleable (can be beaten into thin sheets) and ductile (can be drawn into wires).
Some common examples of metals are copper, iron, silver, gold, aluminium, etc.
About 80% of the known elements are metals.
Chemistry by Er. Manish 8860582309 , Class-XII Chapter-1 Some basic concept of chemistry
An institution for preparation IIT-JEE, AIPMT,CA CPT, CBSE under guidance Dr.Vashistha M.Sc.,M.Ed.,Ph.D.(Physics)
1/1550,Kala-Niketan, Podhon Wali Gali, & 13 A DDA Flats Main Road Mansarover Park,Delhi-32 P | 3/1
, G-3 Classes
1/1550, M.S.Park, Delhi-32, 93 123 585 35, www.g3classes.com
Non-metals
Non-metals are those elements which easily gain electron and form negative
ions
Cl e Cl
O 2e O 2
These elements are generally non lustrous, brittle and poor conductors of heat and
electricity. The common examples of non-metals are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen,
nitrogen, etc.
Metalloids: -
These are elements which have characteristics common to both metals and non-
metals. The common examples of metalloids are silicon, arsenic, bismuth,
antimony, etc.
Compound: -
a pure substance containing two or more than two elements combined together in a
definite proportion by mass and which can be decomposed into its constituent
elements by suitable chemical methods.
Inorganic compounds
These are the compounds which are obtained from non-living sources such as
rocks, minerals, etc. For example, common salt, marble, washing soda, etc.
Organic compounds
These are the compounds which are obtained from living sources such as plants
and animals. All these contain carbon. For example, carbohydrates, oils, fats,
waxes, proteins, etc.
The term organic is now applied to hydrocarbons (compounds of carbon and
hydrogen) and their derivatives
Mixtures
a combination of two or more elements or compounds in any proportion so that the
components do not lose their identity.
Chemistry by Er. Manish 8860582309 , Class-XII Chapter-1 Some basic concept of chemistry
An institution for preparation IIT-JEE, AIPMT,CA CPT, CBSE under guidance Dr.Vashistha M.Sc.,M.Ed.,Ph.D.(Physics)
1/1550,Kala-Niketan, Podhon Wali Gali, & 13 A DDA Flats Main Road Mansarover Park,Delhi-32 P | 4/1
1/1550, M.S.Park, Delhi-32, 93 123 585 35, www.g3classes.com
Chemistry: -
“Chemistry is a branch of science which deals with the study of matter, its physical and
chemical properties, its chemical composition, the physical and chemical changes which
it undergoes and the energy changes that accompany these processes”
Importance of chemistry: -
1. Chemistry in medicines
a) Lifesaving drugs like Taxol and Cisplatin for cancer therapy
b) AZT (azidothymidine) used for helping AIDS victims
c) Antipyretics (to lower body temperature in high fever), analgesics (to
relieve pain),
d) tranquilizers (for treatment of stress and mental diseases), antimicrobials
(to cure infections), antimalarials (to treat malaria) etc.
e) Antibiotics such as penicillin, amoxycillin, streptomycin and broad
spectrum antibiotics such as tetracycline, chloramphenicol, etc. have
cured a variety of diseases due to harmful micro-organisms.
2. Chemistry in medicines
a) Synthetic fibre like rayon, nylon, Dacron etc
b) Plastic like bakelite, taflon, polythene etc.
c) Building material like cement, glass, steel, paint etc
3. Chemistry in agriculture
a) Chemistry has provided chemical fertilizers,
b) improved varieties of insecticides, fungicides and pesticides to
increase the yield of crops and fruits.
c) Preservatives like sodium benzoate, sodium metabisulphite, salicylic acid
for better preservation of food
4. Chemistry in comforts, pleasure and luxuries
a) Domestic requirement such as paper, fabrics, soaps, cosmetics, oils, dyer,
perfumes
b) Air conditioning, we use chemical substance like liquid ammonia or
liquid sulphur dioxide
c) Film industries films made up of celluloid coated with suitable chemicals
d) Fire works are chemical products
Chemistry by Er. Manish 8860582309 , Class-XII Chapter-1 Some basic concept of chemistry
An institution for preparation IIT-JEE, AIPMT,CA CPT, CBSE under guidance Dr.Vashistha M.Sc.,M.Ed.,Ph.D.(Physics)
1/1550,Kala-Niketan, Podhon Wali Gali, & 13 A DDA Flats Main Road Mansarover Park,Delhi-32 P | 1/1
, G-3 Classes
1/1550, M.S.Park, Delhi-32, 93 123 585 35, www.g3classes.com
5. Chemistry for giving us new materials
In recent years, chemistry has given us new materials such as super-conducting
ceramics, conducting polymers, optical fibres, microalloys, carbon fibres, etc.
6. Chemistry in war
It is responsible for the discovery of highly explosive substances such as
dynamite, TNT (trinitrotoluene), RDX, nitroglycerine, poisonous gases such as
mustard gas, phosgene, lewisite and many deadly weapons such as atom bomb
and hydrogen bomb.
7. Chemistry and energy sources
The energy sources are petroleum, coal, wood, nuclear fuels etc
Problem caused by progress in chemistry: -
a) PVC produced from vinyl chloride can cause liver cancer in industrial workers
b) Antibiotics have eliminated infectious disease but their overuse is very harmful
c) Use of plastic, polythene bags create pollution problem
d) Drugs like LSD, Cocaine, brown sugar etc criple the society
MATTER
Anything that has mass and occupies space is called matter. Like chair, pen, human ,
water, air et
Classification of Matter
Chemistry by Er. Manish 8860582309 , Class-XII Chapter-1 Some basic concept of chemistry
An institution for preparation IIT-JEE, AIPMT,CA CPT, CBSE under guidance Dr.Vashistha M.Sc.,M.Ed.,Ph.D.(Physics)
1/1550,Kala-Niketan, Podhon Wali Gali, & 13 A DDA Flats Main Road Mansarover Park,Delhi-32 P | 2/1
, G-3 Classes
1/1550, M.S.Park, Delhi-32, 93 123 585 35, www.g3classes.com
Element: -
The simplest form of a pure substance which can neither be decomposed into nor built
from simpler substances by ordinary physical or chemical methods.
Metals
Metals are those elements which easily loose valence electron and form
positive ions
Na Na e
Mg Mg 2 2e
These elements are generally solids and possess characteristics such as bright
lustre, hardness and ability to conduct electricity and heat. These are generally
malleable (can be beaten into thin sheets) and ductile (can be drawn into wires).
Some common examples of metals are copper, iron, silver, gold, aluminium, etc.
About 80% of the known elements are metals.
Chemistry by Er. Manish 8860582309 , Class-XII Chapter-1 Some basic concept of chemistry
An institution for preparation IIT-JEE, AIPMT,CA CPT, CBSE under guidance Dr.Vashistha M.Sc.,M.Ed.,Ph.D.(Physics)
1/1550,Kala-Niketan, Podhon Wali Gali, & 13 A DDA Flats Main Road Mansarover Park,Delhi-32 P | 3/1
, G-3 Classes
1/1550, M.S.Park, Delhi-32, 93 123 585 35, www.g3classes.com
Non-metals
Non-metals are those elements which easily gain electron and form negative
ions
Cl e Cl
O 2e O 2
These elements are generally non lustrous, brittle and poor conductors of heat and
electricity. The common examples of non-metals are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen,
nitrogen, etc.
Metalloids: -
These are elements which have characteristics common to both metals and non-
metals. The common examples of metalloids are silicon, arsenic, bismuth,
antimony, etc.
Compound: -
a pure substance containing two or more than two elements combined together in a
definite proportion by mass and which can be decomposed into its constituent
elements by suitable chemical methods.
Inorganic compounds
These are the compounds which are obtained from non-living sources such as
rocks, minerals, etc. For example, common salt, marble, washing soda, etc.
Organic compounds
These are the compounds which are obtained from living sources such as plants
and animals. All these contain carbon. For example, carbohydrates, oils, fats,
waxes, proteins, etc.
The term organic is now applied to hydrocarbons (compounds of carbon and
hydrogen) and their derivatives
Mixtures
a combination of two or more elements or compounds in any proportion so that the
components do not lose their identity.
Chemistry by Er. Manish 8860582309 , Class-XII Chapter-1 Some basic concept of chemistry
An institution for preparation IIT-JEE, AIPMT,CA CPT, CBSE under guidance Dr.Vashistha M.Sc.,M.Ed.,Ph.D.(Physics)
1/1550,Kala-Niketan, Podhon Wali Gali, & 13 A DDA Flats Main Road Mansarover Park,Delhi-32 P | 4/1
