Table of content
Cell: structure ...................................................................................................................1
Cell: transport ..................................................................................................................8
Molecular biology ..........................................................................................................12
Cell division and karyology ...........................................................................................18
Chromosomes. Karyotype. Mutations ...........................................................................23
Mendelian traits in humans. Types of inheritance. Pedigree analysis ...........................33
Determining the frequencies of alleles and genotypes in a model population ..............43
Biological features of human reproduction. Gametogenesis. Fertilization ...................46
Prenatal and postnatal periods of human ontogenesis ...................................................51
Phylogenesis (comparative morphology) ......................................................................53
Biosphere. Ecology ........................................................................................................56
Cell: structure
1. The cell of the laboratory animal was overdosed with Roentgen rays. As a result albuminous
fragments formed in the cytoplasm. What cell organelle will take part at their utilization?
- Lysosomes
- Endoplasmic reticulum
- Ribosome
- Golgi complex
- Centrioles
2. Who was the author of the basic position of cell theory ("All living things are composed of
cells")?
- R. Hooke
- R. Virchow
- A. Leeuwenhoek
- T. Schwann
- R.Brown
3. Which of the additional cell theory provisions was contributed by Rudolf Virchow?
- All living things are composed of cells
- All cells come from cells
- Cells are the smallest fundamental unit of life
- All cells have a cell wall and a nucleus
- DNA present in all living things
4. Which of the organelles has one membrane?
- Ribosome
- Chloroplast
- Centriole
- Mitochondrion
- Lysosome
5. Ribosome is consisted of:
- 4 microtubules
- 2 membranes
- 2 subunits
- 2 vacuoles
, - 1 membrane
6. Oval and round organelles with double membrane are seen at the electron micrograph. The outer
membrane is smooth, the inner membrane folded into cristae contains the enzyme ATP synthase.
What is it?
- Ribosomes
- Lysosomes
- Mitochondria
- Golgi complex
- Centrioles
7. Name the cell organelle that produces the vesicles containing proteins for export:
- Ribosome
- Lysosome
- Mitochondria
- Rough endoplasmic reticulum
- Nucleolus
8. A tissue sample of benign tumor was studied under the electron microscope. A lot of small (15-
20 nm) spherical bodies consisting of 2 unequal subunits were detected. These bodies are:
- Microtubules
- Golgi complex
- Ribosome
- Mitochondria
- Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
9. The cell theory states that:
- Living organisms are composed of cells
- Cells come from pre-existing cells
- Cells are the smallest unit of life
- All of the above
10. Deduce the function of the cell that contains the large number of mitochondria:
- The cell is producing a lot of energy
- The cell is synthesizing a lot of proteins for export (enzymes, hormone, and antibodies)
- This is a secretory cell
- This is photosynthesizing cell
11. An intensive aerobic process of energy formation and accumulation in the form of high energy
ATP bonds takes place in the cells of muscular tissue. In which organelle does this process occur?
- In the peroxisome
- In the endoplasmic reticulum
- In the lysosome
- In the mitochondrion
- In the centriole
12. A group of researchers experimentally obtained the mutant cells with no nucleolus. Synthesis
of what compounds will disturbed first of all?
- Transfer RNA
- Ribosomal RNA
- Lipids
- Monosaccharides
, - Polysaccharides
13. What is the small dark structure in the nucleus that produces ribosomes?
- Rough ER
- Nucleolus
- Smooth ER
- Chromatin
14. During the examination of the cell structure, a globular monomembranous organelle, which
contains hydrolytic enzymes, was found. This organelle is known to provide intracellular digestion
and protective reactions of the cell. What organelle is it?
- Endoplasmic reticulum
- Centrioles
- Lysosomes
- Ribosome
- Mitochondrion
15. The formation of ribosome subunits in cell was experimentally disturbed by activated
mutagenic factors. It will affect the metabolic process:
- Carbohydrate biosynthesis
- Protein biosynthesis
- ATP synthesis
- Photosynthesis
- Biological oxidation
15. Deduce the function of the cell that has a large amount of rER:
- The cell is producing a lot of energy
- The cell is synthesizing a lot of proteins for export (enzymes, hormone, and antibodies)
- This is a secretory cell
- This is photosynthesizing cell
16. There is an organelle near the nucleus which consists of two cylinders built of microtubules.
The cylinders are situated perpendicularly to each other. The organelle is a component of the
mitotic spindle of division in animal cells. What organelle is this?
- Mitochondrion
- Ribosome
- Endoplasmic reticulum
- Centrioles
- Lysosome
17. What is the name of the small circular pieces of DNA that are found in the cytoplasm of
bacteria?
- Chloroplast
- Plasmids
- Nucleoid
- Nucleus
18. During the examination of pancreatic gland cells under an electronic microscope there has
been found an organelle which consists of cisterns, canals, closets and is connected with
plasmalemma. What organelle is it?
- Centriole
, - Mitochondrion
- Endoplasmic reticulum
- Lysosomes
Peroxisomes
19. A eukaryotic cell contains:
- Only ribosomes
- Membrane bound organelles
- DNA floating in cytoplasm
- Just cytoplasm
20. A cell includes ball-shaped monomembranous organelles that include proteolytic enzymes.
Organelles size is 0.2-1 μm. Their formation is connected with Golgi apparatus. What organelles
are these?
- Centrioles
- Ribosomes
- Plastids
- Mitochondria
- Lysosomes
21. Which organelle would not be found in animals cells?
- Smooth ER
- Chloroplast
- Mitochondria
- Ribosome
- Nucleus
22. In a nucleus there are non-constant structures that disappear at the beginning of cell division
and appear again at the end of it. They include protein and RNA. They take part in the formation
of ribosome subunits. What are these structures called?
- Nucleoli
- Nucleosomes
- Polysomes
- Microfibrils
- Microtubules
23. What is the size of eukaryote ribosomes?
- 50 S and 10 S
- 80 S and 55S
- 70 S and 16 S
- 90 S and 20 S
- 20 S and 5 S
24. There is an organelle in human cells. The functions of this organelle are the formation of
lysosomes, the secretion of glycoproteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and the formation of yolk granules
during the oocytes maturation. What is this organelle called?
- Lysosome
- Endoplasmic reticulum
- Golgi apparatus
- Peroxisome
- Ribosome
Cell: structure ...................................................................................................................1
Cell: transport ..................................................................................................................8
Molecular biology ..........................................................................................................12
Cell division and karyology ...........................................................................................18
Chromosomes. Karyotype. Mutations ...........................................................................23
Mendelian traits in humans. Types of inheritance. Pedigree analysis ...........................33
Determining the frequencies of alleles and genotypes in a model population ..............43
Biological features of human reproduction. Gametogenesis. Fertilization ...................46
Prenatal and postnatal periods of human ontogenesis ...................................................51
Phylogenesis (comparative morphology) ......................................................................53
Biosphere. Ecology ........................................................................................................56
Cell: structure
1. The cell of the laboratory animal was overdosed with Roentgen rays. As a result albuminous
fragments formed in the cytoplasm. What cell organelle will take part at their utilization?
- Lysosomes
- Endoplasmic reticulum
- Ribosome
- Golgi complex
- Centrioles
2. Who was the author of the basic position of cell theory ("All living things are composed of
cells")?
- R. Hooke
- R. Virchow
- A. Leeuwenhoek
- T. Schwann
- R.Brown
3. Which of the additional cell theory provisions was contributed by Rudolf Virchow?
- All living things are composed of cells
- All cells come from cells
- Cells are the smallest fundamental unit of life
- All cells have a cell wall and a nucleus
- DNA present in all living things
4. Which of the organelles has one membrane?
- Ribosome
- Chloroplast
- Centriole
- Mitochondrion
- Lysosome
5. Ribosome is consisted of:
- 4 microtubules
- 2 membranes
- 2 subunits
- 2 vacuoles
, - 1 membrane
6. Oval and round organelles with double membrane are seen at the electron micrograph. The outer
membrane is smooth, the inner membrane folded into cristae contains the enzyme ATP synthase.
What is it?
- Ribosomes
- Lysosomes
- Mitochondria
- Golgi complex
- Centrioles
7. Name the cell organelle that produces the vesicles containing proteins for export:
- Ribosome
- Lysosome
- Mitochondria
- Rough endoplasmic reticulum
- Nucleolus
8. A tissue sample of benign tumor was studied under the electron microscope. A lot of small (15-
20 nm) spherical bodies consisting of 2 unequal subunits were detected. These bodies are:
- Microtubules
- Golgi complex
- Ribosome
- Mitochondria
- Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
9. The cell theory states that:
- Living organisms are composed of cells
- Cells come from pre-existing cells
- Cells are the smallest unit of life
- All of the above
10. Deduce the function of the cell that contains the large number of mitochondria:
- The cell is producing a lot of energy
- The cell is synthesizing a lot of proteins for export (enzymes, hormone, and antibodies)
- This is a secretory cell
- This is photosynthesizing cell
11. An intensive aerobic process of energy formation and accumulation in the form of high energy
ATP bonds takes place in the cells of muscular tissue. In which organelle does this process occur?
- In the peroxisome
- In the endoplasmic reticulum
- In the lysosome
- In the mitochondrion
- In the centriole
12. A group of researchers experimentally obtained the mutant cells with no nucleolus. Synthesis
of what compounds will disturbed first of all?
- Transfer RNA
- Ribosomal RNA
- Lipids
- Monosaccharides
, - Polysaccharides
13. What is the small dark structure in the nucleus that produces ribosomes?
- Rough ER
- Nucleolus
- Smooth ER
- Chromatin
14. During the examination of the cell structure, a globular monomembranous organelle, which
contains hydrolytic enzymes, was found. This organelle is known to provide intracellular digestion
and protective reactions of the cell. What organelle is it?
- Endoplasmic reticulum
- Centrioles
- Lysosomes
- Ribosome
- Mitochondrion
15. The formation of ribosome subunits in cell was experimentally disturbed by activated
mutagenic factors. It will affect the metabolic process:
- Carbohydrate biosynthesis
- Protein biosynthesis
- ATP synthesis
- Photosynthesis
- Biological oxidation
15. Deduce the function of the cell that has a large amount of rER:
- The cell is producing a lot of energy
- The cell is synthesizing a lot of proteins for export (enzymes, hormone, and antibodies)
- This is a secretory cell
- This is photosynthesizing cell
16. There is an organelle near the nucleus which consists of two cylinders built of microtubules.
The cylinders are situated perpendicularly to each other. The organelle is a component of the
mitotic spindle of division in animal cells. What organelle is this?
- Mitochondrion
- Ribosome
- Endoplasmic reticulum
- Centrioles
- Lysosome
17. What is the name of the small circular pieces of DNA that are found in the cytoplasm of
bacteria?
- Chloroplast
- Plasmids
- Nucleoid
- Nucleus
18. During the examination of pancreatic gland cells under an electronic microscope there has
been found an organelle which consists of cisterns, canals, closets and is connected with
plasmalemma. What organelle is it?
- Centriole
, - Mitochondrion
- Endoplasmic reticulum
- Lysosomes
Peroxisomes
19. A eukaryotic cell contains:
- Only ribosomes
- Membrane bound organelles
- DNA floating in cytoplasm
- Just cytoplasm
20. A cell includes ball-shaped monomembranous organelles that include proteolytic enzymes.
Organelles size is 0.2-1 μm. Their formation is connected with Golgi apparatus. What organelles
are these?
- Centrioles
- Ribosomes
- Plastids
- Mitochondria
- Lysosomes
21. Which organelle would not be found in animals cells?
- Smooth ER
- Chloroplast
- Mitochondria
- Ribosome
- Nucleus
22. In a nucleus there are non-constant structures that disappear at the beginning of cell division
and appear again at the end of it. They include protein and RNA. They take part in the formation
of ribosome subunits. What are these structures called?
- Nucleoli
- Nucleosomes
- Polysomes
- Microfibrils
- Microtubules
23. What is the size of eukaryote ribosomes?
- 50 S and 10 S
- 80 S and 55S
- 70 S and 16 S
- 90 S and 20 S
- 20 S and 5 S
24. There is an organelle in human cells. The functions of this organelle are the formation of
lysosomes, the secretion of glycoproteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and the formation of yolk granules
during the oocytes maturation. What is this organelle called?
- Lysosome
- Endoplasmic reticulum
- Golgi apparatus
- Peroxisome
- Ribosome
