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CITI TRAINING, MODULES 1-24
(BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH) QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS 2025
The Belmont Report's principle of respect for persons
incorporates at least two ethical convictions: first, that
individuals should be treated as autonomous agents, and
second, that:
A. Persons with diminished autonomy should only participate in
no more than minimal risk research.
B. Persons with diminished autonomy should be excluded from
research.
C. Persons with diminished autonomy are entitled to protection.
D. Persons involved in research cannot financially benefit. -
correct answer- C. Persons with diminished autonomy are
entitled to protection.
Which of the following is an example of how the principle of
beneficence can be applied to a study employing human
subjects?
A. Ensuring that persons with diminished autonomy are
protected.
B. Providing detailed information about the study and obtaining
the subject's consent to participate.
C. Determining that the study has a maximization of benefits
and a minimization of risks.
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D. Ensuring that the selection of subjects includes people from
all segments of the population. - correct answer- C.
Determining that the study has a maximization of benefits and a
minimization of risks.
Which of the following are the three principles discussed in the
Belmont Report?
A. IRB Review, Federal Regulations, Declaration of Helsinki
B. Privacy, Confidentiality, Equitable Selection of Subjects
C. Informed Consent, Institutional Assurance, Researcher
Responsibility
D. Respect for Persons, Beneficence, Justice - correct answer-
D. Respect for Persons, Beneficence, Justice
When an IRB is reviewing a research study and they are
considering if a potential subject population is vulnerable, they
should consider:
A. Are there adequate resources to conduct the study?
B. Is there a power differential between researchers and
subjects?
C. Has the researcher completed required training?
D. Are the research procedures greater than minimal risk of
harm? - correct answer- B. Is there a power differential
between researchers and subjects?
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Which is an example of a situation where deferential
vulnerability might be a factor?
A. An army medical officer recruiting subjects among lower
ranks
B. A college professor recruiting among their students
C. A physician recruiting patients to be subjects
D. An employer recruiting among persons who directly report to
them - correct answer- C. A physician recruiting patients to be
subjects
In considering NBAC's analytic approach, an otherwise
competent person who is acutely ill might be considered at
especially high risk of harm for:
A. Economic vulnerability
B. Situational cognitive vulnerability
C. Capacity-related cognitive vulnerability
D. Communicative vulnerability - correct answer- B. Situational
cognitive vulnerability
Identify the following groups that are protected in the federal
regulations (45 CFR 46), specifically in Subparts B, C, and D
with additional protections:
A. Pregnant women, prisoners, and mentally disabled
B. Children, prisoners, and terminally ill
C. Prisoners, children, and elderly
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D. Pregnant women, prisoners, children - correct answer- D.
Pregnant women, prisoners, children
The NBAC looks at characteristics individuals might have that
would prevent them from being able to provide voluntary
informed consent. The traits may be thought of as falling into
six broad areas: cognitive or communicative, institutional,
deferential, medical, economic, and social. Prospective
research subjects who are not able to comprehend information,
deliberate, and make decisions about participation in a
proposed research study have a:
A. Institutional vulnerability
B. Cognitive or communicative vulnerability
C. Physical vulnerability
D. Economic or social vulnerability - correct answer- B.
Cognitive or communicative vulnerability
The use of prisoners in research is a concern under the
Belmont principle of Justice because:
A. Prisoners are less educated that the general population and
have difficulty understanding research
B. Prisoners may not be used to conduct research that only
benefits the larger society
C. Prisoners are not a representative sample of the general
population
CITI TRAINING, MODULES 1-24
(BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH) QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS 2025
The Belmont Report's principle of respect for persons
incorporates at least two ethical convictions: first, that
individuals should be treated as autonomous agents, and
second, that:
A. Persons with diminished autonomy should only participate in
no more than minimal risk research.
B. Persons with diminished autonomy should be excluded from
research.
C. Persons with diminished autonomy are entitled to protection.
D. Persons involved in research cannot financially benefit. -
correct answer- C. Persons with diminished autonomy are
entitled to protection.
Which of the following is an example of how the principle of
beneficence can be applied to a study employing human
subjects?
A. Ensuring that persons with diminished autonomy are
protected.
B. Providing detailed information about the study and obtaining
the subject's consent to participate.
C. Determining that the study has a maximization of benefits
and a minimization of risks.
,2 | Page
D. Ensuring that the selection of subjects includes people from
all segments of the population. - correct answer- C.
Determining that the study has a maximization of benefits and a
minimization of risks.
Which of the following are the three principles discussed in the
Belmont Report?
A. IRB Review, Federal Regulations, Declaration of Helsinki
B. Privacy, Confidentiality, Equitable Selection of Subjects
C. Informed Consent, Institutional Assurance, Researcher
Responsibility
D. Respect for Persons, Beneficence, Justice - correct answer-
D. Respect for Persons, Beneficence, Justice
When an IRB is reviewing a research study and they are
considering if a potential subject population is vulnerable, they
should consider:
A. Are there adequate resources to conduct the study?
B. Is there a power differential between researchers and
subjects?
C. Has the researcher completed required training?
D. Are the research procedures greater than minimal risk of
harm? - correct answer- B. Is there a power differential
between researchers and subjects?
,3 | Page
Which is an example of a situation where deferential
vulnerability might be a factor?
A. An army medical officer recruiting subjects among lower
ranks
B. A college professor recruiting among their students
C. A physician recruiting patients to be subjects
D. An employer recruiting among persons who directly report to
them - correct answer- C. A physician recruiting patients to be
subjects
In considering NBAC's analytic approach, an otherwise
competent person who is acutely ill might be considered at
especially high risk of harm for:
A. Economic vulnerability
B. Situational cognitive vulnerability
C. Capacity-related cognitive vulnerability
D. Communicative vulnerability - correct answer- B. Situational
cognitive vulnerability
Identify the following groups that are protected in the federal
regulations (45 CFR 46), specifically in Subparts B, C, and D
with additional protections:
A. Pregnant women, prisoners, and mentally disabled
B. Children, prisoners, and terminally ill
C. Prisoners, children, and elderly
, 4 | Page
D. Pregnant women, prisoners, children - correct answer- D.
Pregnant women, prisoners, children
The NBAC looks at characteristics individuals might have that
would prevent them from being able to provide voluntary
informed consent. The traits may be thought of as falling into
six broad areas: cognitive or communicative, institutional,
deferential, medical, economic, and social. Prospective
research subjects who are not able to comprehend information,
deliberate, and make decisions about participation in a
proposed research study have a:
A. Institutional vulnerability
B. Cognitive or communicative vulnerability
C. Physical vulnerability
D. Economic or social vulnerability - correct answer- B.
Cognitive or communicative vulnerability
The use of prisoners in research is a concern under the
Belmont principle of Justice because:
A. Prisoners are less educated that the general population and
have difficulty understanding research
B. Prisoners may not be used to conduct research that only
benefits the larger society
C. Prisoners are not a representative sample of the general
population
