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HESI A2 Exam Bank: Macromolecules,
Biochemistry & Solutions (200 Qs + Rationales)
Table of Contents
Subtopic 1: Structure and Function of Biological Macromolecules ................................... 2
Subtopic 2: Types and Properties of Solutions ............................................................... 10
Subtopic 3: Biochemical Reactions and Enzymes.......................................................... 18
Subtopic 4: Water, pH, and Biological Buffers................................................................ 27
Subtopic 5: DNA, RNA, and Genetic Information in Biochemistry ................................... 35
Subtopic 6: Lipids, Fatty Acids, and Membrane Biochemistry ......................................... 43
Subtopic 7: Carbohydrates, Energy Storage, and Metabolism ......................................... 51
Subtopic 8: Enzymes, Cofactors, and Regulation of Biochemical Reactions .................... 60
Subtopic 9: Solution Chemistry and Buffer Systems in Physiology .................................. 68
Subtopic 10: Biochemical Energy Pathways and ATP Production .................................... 76
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Subtopic 1: Structure and Function of Biological
Macromolecules
Question 1
Which of the following macromolecules primarily functions as the body's long-term energy
storage?
A. Nucleic acids
B. Lipids
C. Carbohydrates
D. Proteins
Correct Answer: B. Lipids
Rationale: Lipids, particularly triglycerides, store energy efficiently and serve as long-term
energy reserves. While carbohydrates provide quick energy, lipids store more energy per
gram and are used when carbohydrates are depleted.
Question 2
Which of the following components is found in all amino acids?
A. Phosphate group
B. Glycerol backbone
C. Amino and carboxyl group
D. Nitrogenous base
Correct Answer: C. Amino and carboxyl group
Rationale: Amino acids consist of a central carbon atom bonded to an amino group (-NH₂),
a carboxyl group (-COOH), a hydrogen atom, and a unique R group.
Question 3
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Which level of protein structure is determined by the sequence of amino acids?
A. Primary structure
B. Secondary structure
C. Tertiary structure
D. Quaternary structure
Correct Answer: A. Primary structure
Rationale: The primary structure is the linear sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide
chain, which ultimately dictates all higher-level structures and functions.
Question 4
Which macromolecule is synthesized during transcription in the cell nucleus?
A. Protein
B. RNA
C. DNA
D. Lipid
Correct Answer: B. RNA
Rationale: Transcription is the process by which an RNA strand is synthesized from a DNA
template in the nucleus.
Question 5
Which of the following is the primary function of carbohydrates in the body?
A. Provide immediate energy
B. Store genetic information
C. Build muscle tissue
D. Maintain fluid balance
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Correct Answer: A. Provide immediate energy
Rationale: Carbohydrates, particularly glucose, are rapidly metabolized to provide energy
for cellular activities.
Question 6
What type of bond links two monosaccharides to form a disaccharide?
A. Peptide bond
B. Glycosidic bond
C. Hydrogen bond
D. Phosphodiester bond
Correct Answer: B. Glycosidic bond
Rationale: A glycosidic bond forms between monosaccharides through a dehydration
reaction, linking sugars together in disaccharides or polysaccharides.
Question 7
Which macromolecule contains the nitrogenous bases adenine, guanine, cytosine, and
uracil?
A. DNA
B. RNA
C. Protein
D. Carbohydrate
Correct Answer: B. RNA
Rationale: RNA contains adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil, whereas DNA contains
thymine instead of uracil.
HESI A2 Exam Bank: Macromolecules,
Biochemistry & Solutions (200 Qs + Rationales)
Table of Contents
Subtopic 1: Structure and Function of Biological Macromolecules ................................... 2
Subtopic 2: Types and Properties of Solutions ............................................................... 10
Subtopic 3: Biochemical Reactions and Enzymes.......................................................... 18
Subtopic 4: Water, pH, and Biological Buffers................................................................ 27
Subtopic 5: DNA, RNA, and Genetic Information in Biochemistry ................................... 35
Subtopic 6: Lipids, Fatty Acids, and Membrane Biochemistry ......................................... 43
Subtopic 7: Carbohydrates, Energy Storage, and Metabolism ......................................... 51
Subtopic 8: Enzymes, Cofactors, and Regulation of Biochemical Reactions .................... 60
Subtopic 9: Solution Chemistry and Buffer Systems in Physiology .................................. 68
Subtopic 10: Biochemical Energy Pathways and ATP Production .................................... 76
, 2
Subtopic 1: Structure and Function of Biological
Macromolecules
Question 1
Which of the following macromolecules primarily functions as the body's long-term energy
storage?
A. Nucleic acids
B. Lipids
C. Carbohydrates
D. Proteins
Correct Answer: B. Lipids
Rationale: Lipids, particularly triglycerides, store energy efficiently and serve as long-term
energy reserves. While carbohydrates provide quick energy, lipids store more energy per
gram and are used when carbohydrates are depleted.
Question 2
Which of the following components is found in all amino acids?
A. Phosphate group
B. Glycerol backbone
C. Amino and carboxyl group
D. Nitrogenous base
Correct Answer: C. Amino and carboxyl group
Rationale: Amino acids consist of a central carbon atom bonded to an amino group (-NH₂),
a carboxyl group (-COOH), a hydrogen atom, and a unique R group.
Question 3
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Which level of protein structure is determined by the sequence of amino acids?
A. Primary structure
B. Secondary structure
C. Tertiary structure
D. Quaternary structure
Correct Answer: A. Primary structure
Rationale: The primary structure is the linear sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide
chain, which ultimately dictates all higher-level structures and functions.
Question 4
Which macromolecule is synthesized during transcription in the cell nucleus?
A. Protein
B. RNA
C. DNA
D. Lipid
Correct Answer: B. RNA
Rationale: Transcription is the process by which an RNA strand is synthesized from a DNA
template in the nucleus.
Question 5
Which of the following is the primary function of carbohydrates in the body?
A. Provide immediate energy
B. Store genetic information
C. Build muscle tissue
D. Maintain fluid balance
, 4
Correct Answer: A. Provide immediate energy
Rationale: Carbohydrates, particularly glucose, are rapidly metabolized to provide energy
for cellular activities.
Question 6
What type of bond links two monosaccharides to form a disaccharide?
A. Peptide bond
B. Glycosidic bond
C. Hydrogen bond
D. Phosphodiester bond
Correct Answer: B. Glycosidic bond
Rationale: A glycosidic bond forms between monosaccharides through a dehydration
reaction, linking sugars together in disaccharides or polysaccharides.
Question 7
Which macromolecule contains the nitrogenous bases adenine, guanine, cytosine, and
uracil?
A. DNA
B. RNA
C. Protein
D. Carbohydrate
Correct Answer: B. RNA
Rationale: RNA contains adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil, whereas DNA contains
thymine instead of uracil.
